Bien-être autistique : une revue de portée des études scientifiques dans une perspective d’affirmation de la neurodiversité

Titre original en anglais : Autistic well-being: A scoping review of scientific studies from a neurodiversity-affirmative perspective

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

À propos de la mention auteur·ice autiste

Najeeb, P. & Quadt, L. (2024). Autistic well-being: A scoping review of scientific studies from a neurodiversity-affirmative perspective. Neurodiversity, 2. https://doi.org/10.1177/27546330241233088

Date de publication: 01/01/2024 Ajout dans AutiHub: 25/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
2
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 2 (50,0 %)

Résumé

Contexte Historiquement, la recherche sur l’autisme s’est concentrée sur la surreprésentation des problèmes de santé physique et mentale et sur la diminution du bien-être psychologique chez les personnes autistes sans déficience intellectuelle. Les études mettant l’accent sur ce qui contribue positivement au bien-être des personnes autistes sont peu nombreuses. Conformément à une évolution récente vers une investigation plus globale de la santé des personnes autistes, nous avons réalisé une revue de portée afin de cartographier les données émergentes sur le bien-être autistique dans un contexte biopsychosocial. Méthodes Un comité consultatif sur l’expérience vécue a coproduit la question de la revue. Les recherches ont été rassemblées à l’aide des lignes directrices Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses pour les revues de portée (PRISMA-ScR), avec des critères de sélection prédéfinis. Les recherches fondées sur une vision de l’autisme centrée sur les déficits et ne s’inscrivant pas dans les principes fondamentaux du mouvement d’affirmation de la neurodiversité ont été exclues. Résultats Nous avons rassemblé 89 études, comprenant des facteurs biologiques (N = 8), psychologiques (N = 70) et sociaux (N = 61). Parallèlement à une augmentation des publications axées sur l’affirmation, nous avons identifié plusieurs thèmes : « Impact du diagnostic et de l’auto-identité », « Caractéristiques favorisant l’autonomisation », « Cognition », « Rôle de la communauté au sens large », « Rôle des relations et des formes de soutien » et « Adaptations sociales et enseignements tirés de la COVID-19 ». Conclusions Bien que les perspectives d’affirmation de la neurodiversité sur le bien-être autistique soient de plus en plus reconnues comme un domaine de recherche important, une exploration plus rigoureuse des déterminants biopsychosociaux interconnectés est nécessaire. Une approche ciblée dans les recherches futures permettra d’améliorer la compréhension de la promotion du bien-être autistique. Résumé grand public Une grande partie de la recherche sur l’autisme porte sur les aspects négatifs du fait d’être autiste ; par exemple, les personnes autistes ont une espérance de vie plus courte et sont plus susceptibles de présenter des problèmes de santé physique et mentale. Il existe peu de recherches sur ce qui améliore le bien-être et la qualité de vie des personnes autistes. Dans cet article, nous résumons les recherches qui examinent les facteurs positifs contribuant au bien-être autistique. Nous avons d’abord demandé à quatre adultes autistes quelles questions ils considéraient comme les plus importantes à poser au sujet du bien-être autistique. Ensemble, nous avons décidé de rechercher des études fondées sur une perspective d’affirmation de la neurodiversité et qui ne considèrent pas l’autisme comme un déficit. Nous avons également décidé d’examiner les facteurs biologiques, psychologiques et sociaux qui contribuent positivement au bien-être autistique chez les personnes autistes de tous âges. Nous avons ensuite utilisé une méthode spécifique pour rechercher dans différentes bases de données ce que d’autres chercheurs avaient trouvé et qui pouvait répondre à notre question. Nous avons trouvé 89 études examinant les facteurs biopsychosociaux contribuant au bien-être autistique. La plupart portaient sur des facteurs psychologiques et sociaux, et seules quelques-unes sur des facteurs biologiques. Nous avons constaté que des liens sociaux significatifs, des formes de soutien et des facteurs psychologiques tels que les caractéristiques individuelles contribuaient au bien-être autistique. Dans l’ensemble, nous avons constaté que le bien-être autistique constitue un intérêt relativement récent dans la recherche sur l’autisme et que davantage de recherches sont nécessaires à l’avenir pour déterminer comment nous pouvons améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes autistes de tous âges.

Background Historically, autism research has focused on the overrepresentation of physical and mental health problems and decreased psychological well-being in autistic people without intellectual impairment. There is a paucity of studies emphasizing what positively contributes to the well-being of autistic people. In line with a recent shift toward investigating autistic health more comprehensively, we conducted a scoping review to map emerging data on autistic well-being within a biopsychosocial context. Methods A Lived Experience Advisory Panel coproduced the review question. The research was collated using Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) with predefined selection criteria. Research based on the deficit-based view of autism and not within the core principles of the neurodiversity-affirmative movement was excluded. Results We collated 89 studies, with biological (N = 8), psychological (N = 70), and social (N = 61) factors. Alongside an increase in affirmation-focused outputs, we identified several themes: ‘Impact of Diagnosis and Self-Identity’, ‘Self-empowering Characteristics’, ‘Cognition’, ‘Role of the Wider Community’, ‘Role of Relationships and Forms of Support’, and ‘Social Adaptations and Lessons from COVID-19’. Conclusions While neurodiversity-affirmative perspectives on autistic well-being are increasingly recognized as an important research area, there is a need for a more stringent exploration of interlinking biopsychosocial determinants. A focused approach within future research will enhance understanding of the promotion of autistic well-being. Lay abstract A lot of autism research focuses on the negative aspects of being autistic, for example, autistic people have a shorter life expectancy and are more likely to have physical and mental health conditions. There is not much research on what improves autistic well-being and quality of life. In this article, we summarize research that looks at positive factors which contribute to autistic well-being. We first asked four autistic adults which questions they think are most important to ask about autistic well-being. Together, we decided that we would look for research that is based on a neurodiversity-affirmative perspective and does not view autism as a deficit. We also decided we would look for biological, psychological, and social factors that positively contribute to autistic well-being for autistic people of all ages. We then used a specific method for searching different databases to see what other researchers had found that could answer our question. We found 89 studies that looked at biopsychosocial factors contributing to autistic well-being. Most of these were on psychological and social factors, with only a few on biological factors. We found that meaningful social connections, forms of support, and psychological factors like individual characteristics contributed to autistic well-being. Overall, we found that autistic well-being is a relatively new interest in autism research and that we need more research in the future to work out how we can improve the quality of life of autistic people of all ages.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 01:40.

Références citées
140
Avec un DOI
132
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
8
22 / 140 (15,7 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
7 / 140 (5,0 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
137 / 140 (97,9 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
3
Sans titre structuré
6
Sans identifiant stable
8
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
2
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
535
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
535
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
4
242 / 535 (45,2 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 293 / 535 (54,8 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
27 / 535 (5,0 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 27 / 242 (11,2 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 20 / 479 (4,2 %).
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