« J'essaie de tendre la main, j'essaie de trouver les miens » : une investigation par methodes mixtes du lien entre les differences sensorielles, la solitude et la sante mentale chez des adultes autistes et non autistes

Titre original en anglais : “I'm Trying to Reach Out, I'm Trying to Find My People”: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Link Between Sensory Differences, Loneliness, and Mental Health in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». deux auteur·ices de cette publication sont identifié·es comme autistes dans le projet.

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Quadt, L., Williams, G., Mulcahy, J. S., Larsson, D. E., Silva, M., Arnold, A. J., Critchley, H. D., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2023). “I'm Trying to Reach Out, I'm Trying to Find My People”: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Link Between Sensory Differences, Loneliness, and Mental Health in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults. Autism in Adulthood, 6(3), 284-299. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2022.0062

Date de publication: 02/11/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
8
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 8 (25,0 %)
  1. Lisa Quadt *
  2. Gemma Williams *
  3. James S. Mulcahy
  4. Dennis EO Larsson
  1. Marta Silva
  2. Andrew J. Arnold
  3. Hugo D. Critchley
  4. Sarah N. Garfinkel

Résumé

Contexte : Les taux de solitude sont considérablement plus élevés chez les personnes autistes que chez les personnes non autistes. Cette observation réfute le stéréotype persistant selon lequel les personnes autistes ne sont pas motivées à rechercher des relations sociales significatives. Plus vraisemblablement, les environnements sociaux excluent systématiquement les personnes présentant des niveaux plus élevés de différences sensorielles, ce qui entrave les possibilités pour les personnes autistes de former des relations significatives. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à quantifier le niveau de détresse associé à la solitude (étude A) et à fournir un éclairage qualitatif complémentaire sur les expériences de solitude en lien avec les différences sensorielles chez des adultes autistes (étude B). Méthodes : Dans l'étude A, N = 209 participants ont rempli une série de questionnaires d'autoévaluation. Dans l'étude B, neuf adultes autistes ont participé à des conversations dyadiques non structurées de 10 minutes sur le thème de la solitude. Nous avons élaboré une compréhension qualitative de l'expérience de la solitude chez les personnes autistes, enrichie par des analyses inductives et déductives. Résultats : Dans l'étude A, le groupe autiste présentait des niveaux significativement plus élevés de solitude, de détresse liée à la solitude, d'anxiété, de dépression et de réactivité sensorielle. Nous avons constaté des corrélations positives significatives entre les variables, mais aucune différence entre les groupes dans les relations différentielles. L'effet de la réactivité sensorielle sur l'anxiété et la dépression était médiatisé par les niveaux de solitude dans les deux groupes. Dans l'étude B, les participants autistes ont décrit la douleur de se sentir seuls et socialement déconnectés, tout en ressentant simultanément le besoin d'une solitude réparatrice après une surstimulation sociale. Discussion : Nos résultats indiquent que les différences sensorielles sont liées à une solitude plus élevée et à une mauvaise santé mentale associée chez les adultes autistes et non autistes. Cet effet était exacerbé chez les adultes autistes en raison de niveaux plus élevés de réactivité sensorielle. Les témoignages directs d'adultes autistes sur une solitude intense et le rôle obstructif des environnements sensoriels réfutent les stéréotypes concernant un manque de motivation sociale chez les adultes autistes. Nous concluons que, pour permettre une interaction sociale significative et inclusive, un effort sociétal est nécessaire afin de créer des espaces qui prennent en compte les besoins sensoriels de tous les neurotypes.

Background: Rates of loneliness are substantially higher among autistic compared with nonautistic individuals. This observation refutes the persistent stereotype that autistic individuals are not motivated to seek meaningful social relationships. More plausibly, social environments systematically exclude people with higher levels of sensory differences, impeding on opportunities for autistic individuals to form meaningful relationships. In this study, we sought to quantify the level of distress associated with loneliness (Study A) and provide complementary qualitative insight into experiences of loneliness in relationship to sensory differences in autistic adults (Study B). Methods: In Study A, N = 209 participants completed a range of self-report questionnaires. In Study B, nine autistic adults took part in 10-minute unstructured dyadic conversations around the topic of loneliness. We derived a qualitative understanding of autistic individuals' experience of loneliness, enriched by inductive and deductive analyses. Results: In Study A, the autistic group showed significantly higher levels of loneliness, loneliness distress, anxiety, depression, and sensory reactivity. We found significant positive correlations between variables, but no group differences in differential relationships. The effect of sensory reactivity on anxiety and depression was mediated by levels of loneliness in both groups. In Study B, autistic participants described the pain of feeling lonely and socially disconnected, while simultaneously experiencing a need for restorative solitude after social overstimulation. Discussion: Our results indicate that sensory differences are related with higher loneliness and associated poor mental health in both autistic and nonautistic adults. This effect was exacerbated in autistic adults due to higher levels of sensory reactivity. First-hand reports from autistic adults on intense loneliness and the obstructive role of sensory environments refute stereotypes about a lack of social motivation in autistic adults. We conclude that to enable meaningful and inclusive social interaction, a societal effort is needed to create spaces that consider the sensory needs of all neurotypes.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 14:04.

Références citées
86
Avec un DOI
75
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
11
18 / 86 (20,9 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
6 / 86 (7,0 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
80 / 86 (93,0 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
6
Sans titre structuré
6
Sans identifiant stable
8
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
6
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
2
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
263
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
263
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
6
119 / 263 (45,2 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 144 / 263 (54,8 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
27 / 263 (10,3 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 27 / 119 (22,7 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 18 / 219 (8,2 %).
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