« J'essaie de tendre la main, j'essaie de trouver les miens » : une investigation par methodes mixtes du lien entre les differences sensorielles, la solitude et la sante mentale chez des adultes autistes et non autistes

Titre original en anglais : “I'm Trying to Reach Out, I'm Trying to Find My People”: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Link Between Sensory Differences, Loneliness, and Mental Health in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults

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Quadt, L., Williams, G., Mulcahy, J., Larsson, D. E. O., Silva, M., Arnold, A. J., Critchley, H., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2023). “I'm Trying to Reach Out, I'm Trying to Find My People”: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Link Between Sensory Differences, Loneliness, and Mental Health in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults. Autism in Adulthood, 6(3), 284-299. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2022.0062

Date de publication: 02/11/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
8
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 8 (12,5 %)
  1. Lisa Quadt
  2. Gemma Williams *
  3. James Mulcahy
  4. Dennis E O Larsson
  1. Marta Silva
  2. Andrew J. Arnold
  3. Hugo Critchley
  4. Sarah N. Garfinkel

Résumé

Contexte : Les taux de solitude sont considérablement plus élevés chez les personnes autistes que chez les personnes non autistes. Cette observation réfute le stéréotype persistant selon lequel les personnes autistes ne sont pas motivées à rechercher des relations sociales significatives. Plus vraisemblablement, les environnements sociaux excluent systématiquement les personnes présentant des niveaux plus élevés de différences sensorielles, ce qui entrave les possibilités pour les personnes autistes de former des relations significatives. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à quantifier le niveau de détresse associé à la solitude (étude A) et à fournir un éclairage qualitatif complémentaire sur les expériences de solitude en lien avec les différences sensorielles chez des adultes autistes (étude B). Méthodes : Dans l'étude A, N = 209 participants ont rempli une série de questionnaires d'autoévaluation. Dans l'étude B, neuf adultes autistes ont participé à des conversations dyadiques non structurées de 10 minutes sur le thème de la solitude. Nous avons élaboré une compréhension qualitative de l'expérience de la solitude chez les personnes autistes, enrichie par des analyses inductives et déductives. Résultats : Dans l'étude A, le groupe autiste présentait des niveaux significativement plus élevés de solitude, de détresse liée à la solitude, d'anxiété, de dépression et de réactivité sensorielle. Nous avons constaté des corrélations positives significatives entre les variables, mais aucune différence entre les groupes dans les relations différentielles. L'effet de la réactivité sensorielle sur l'anxiété et la dépression était médiatisé par les niveaux de solitude dans les deux groupes. Dans l'étude B, les participants autistes ont décrit la douleur de se sentir seuls et socialement déconnectés, tout en ressentant simultanément le besoin d'une solitude réparatrice après une surstimulation sociale. Discussion : Nos résultats indiquent que les différences sensorielles sont liées à une solitude plus élevée et à une mauvaise santé mentale associée chez les adultes autistes et non autistes. Cet effet était exacerbé chez les adultes autistes en raison de niveaux plus élevés de réactivité sensorielle. Les témoignages directs d'adultes autistes sur une solitude intense et le rôle obstructif des environnements sensoriels réfutent les stéréotypes concernant un manque de motivation sociale chez les adultes autistes. Nous concluons que, pour permettre une interaction sociale significative et inclusive, un effort sociétal est nécessaire afin de créer des espaces qui prennent en compte les besoins sensoriels de tous les neurotypes.

Background: Rates of loneliness are substantially higher among autistic compared with nonautistic individuals. This observation refutes the persistent stereotype that autistic individuals are not motivated to seek meaningful social relationships. More plausibly, social environments systematically exclude people with higher levels of sensory differences, impeding on opportunities for autistic individuals to form meaningful relationships. In this study, we sought to quantify the level of distress associated with loneliness (Study A) and provide complementary qualitative insight into experiences of loneliness in relationship to sensory differences in autistic adults (Study B). Methods: In Study A, N = 209 participants completed a range of self-report questionnaires. In Study B, nine autistic adults took part in 10-minute unstructured dyadic conversations around the topic of loneliness. We derived a qualitative understanding of autistic individuals' experience of loneliness, enriched by inductive and deductive analyses. Results: In Study A, the autistic group showed significantly higher levels of loneliness, loneliness distress, anxiety, depression, and sensory reactivity. We found significant positive correlations between variables, but no group differences in differential relationships. The effect of sensory reactivity on anxiety and depression was mediated by levels of loneliness in both groups. In Study B, autistic participants described the pain of feeling lonely and socially disconnected, while simultaneously experiencing a need for restorative solitude after social overstimulation. Discussion: Our results indicate that sensory differences are related with higher loneliness and associated poor mental health in both autistic and nonautistic adults. This effect was exacerbated in autistic adults due to higher levels of sensory reactivity. First-hand reports from autistic adults on intense loneliness and the obstructive role of sensory environments refute stereotypes about a lack of social motivation in autistic adults. We conclude that to enable meaningful and inclusive social interaction, a societal effort is needed to create spaces that consider the sensory needs of all neurotypes.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
86
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
11 / 86 (12,8 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
16 / 262 (6,1 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 16 / 102 (15,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 11 / 221 (5,0 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
102 / 262 (38,9 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 67 / 221 (30,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
86 / 102 (84,3 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 86 / 262 (32,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 56 / 67 (83,6 %).
2 entrées de bibliographie citée n’ont pas pu être entièrement enrichies à partir des métadonnées DOI.
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