La neurodiversite et l'ecologie sociale des fonctions mentales

Titre original en anglais : Neurodiversity and the Social Ecology of Mental Functions

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

À propos de la mention auteur·ice autiste

Chapman, R. (2021). Neurodiversity and the Social Ecology of Mental Functions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1360-1372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620959833

Titre de la revue ou du livre
Perspectives on Psychological Science
Éditeur
SAGE Publications
Volume
16
Numéro
6
Pages
1360-1372
Date de publication: 12/02/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
1
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 1 (100,0 %)

Résumé

En psychiatrie, le dysfonctionnement mental est typiquement envisage en relation avec des modeles qui cherchent a etre continus avec la physiologie ou la biologie evolutionnaire et qui comparent l'aptitude individuelle a une norme fonctionnelle plus large. Les defenseurs du mouvement de la neurodiversite remettent toutefois en question la pathologisation des styles cognitifs minoritaires et soutiennent que nous devrions recadrer la diversite neurocognitive comme une manifestation normale et saine de la biodiversite. Les defenseurs de la neurodiversite se sont jusqu'a present appuyes sur des modeles sociaux-relationnels du handicap pour contester le modele medical du handicap, mais ils n'ont pas elabore d'analyse fonctionnelle alternative pour remplacer les conceptions du dysfonctionnement ou de l'alteration neurologique. Ici, je clarifie et defends la perspective de la neurodiversite en m'appuyant sur des modeles fonctionnels ecologiques qui prennent en compte, a cote de la fonctionnalite individuelle, les contributions relationnelles aux collectifs et le fonctionnement des groupes. En utilisant l'exemple de l'autisme ainsi que des developpements recents dans l'etude de la diversite cognitive, j'applique ces modeles au fonctionnement mental humain et soutiens que ce que j'appelle le modele ecologique presente une plus grande utilite pour la recherche et la pratique que les principales analyses fonctionnelles psychiatriques du fonctionnement mental.

In psychiatry, mental dysfunction is typically framed in relation to models that seek to be continuous with physiology or evolutionary biology and that compare individual fitness to a broader functional norm. Proponents of the neurodiversity movement, however, challenge the pathologization of minority cognitive styles and argue that we should reframe neurocognitive diversity as a normal and healthy manifestation of biodiversity. Neurodiversity proponents have thus far drawn on social-relational models of disability to challenge the medical model of disability, but they have not developed an alternative functional analysis to replace conceptions of neurological dysfunction or impairment. Here I clarify and defend the neurodiversity perspective by drawing on ecological functional models that take relational contributions to collectives, and group functioning, into account alongside individual functionality. Using the example of autism as well as recent developments in the study of cognitive diversity, I apply these models to human mental functioning and argue that what I call the ecological model has greater utility for research and practice than the leading psychiatric functional analyses of mental functioning.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 17:07.

Références citées
93
Avec un DOI
72
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
21
11 / 93 (11,8 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
10 / 93 (10,8 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
83 / 93 (89,2 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
10
Sans titre structuré
10
Sans identifiant stable
18
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
10
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
126
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
126
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
11
32 / 126 (25,4 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 94 / 126 (74,6 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
13 / 126 (10,3 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 13 / 32 (40,6 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 9 / 111 (8,1 %).
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