« La recherche sur l’autisme est en crise » : une étude à méthodes mixtes des constructions par les chercheurs des personnes autistes et de la recherche sur l’autisme

Titre original en anglais : “Autism research is in crisis”: A mixed method study of researcher’s constructions of autistic people and autism research

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Botha, M. & Cage, E. (2022). “Autism research is in crisis”: A mixed method study of researcher’s constructions of autistic people and autism research. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1050897-1050897. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050897

Date de publication: 24/11/2022 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
2
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 2 (50,0 %)
  1. Monique Botha *
  2. Eilidh Cage

Résumé

Introduction Bien que toute recherche sur l’autisme ne soit pas de l’âgisme capacitaire, les chercheurs sur l’autisme peuvent être capacitistes, notamment en parlant des personnes autistes en termes sous-humains (déshumanisation), en traitant les personnes autistes comme des objets (objectification) et en faisant des déclarations d’altérisation qui distinguent les personnes autistes des personnes non autistes et les placent à un statut inférieur (stigmatisation). Méthode Cette étude à méthodes mixtes visait à examiner comment les chercheurs sur l’autisme construisent les personnes autistes et la recherche sur l’autisme, et à examiner si une plus grande inclusion des personnes autistes dans la recherche est liée à un moindre capacitisme dans les récits concernant les personnes autistes. Nous avons utilisé une enquête auprès de chercheurs sur l’autisme (N = 195), comportant cinq questions ouvertes sur l’autisme et la recherche sur l’autisme, ainsi que des questions sur les caractéristiques démographiques, la durée de carrière, les contacts avec des personnes autistes (familiaux et non familiaux) et le degré auquel les chercheurs impliquent les personnes autistes dans leurs recherches. Nous avons utilisé l’analyse de contenu pour catégoriser les récits employés par les chercheurs sur l’autisme et les indices de capacitisme (déshumanisation, objectification et stigmatisation). Nous avons ensuite utilisé une régression logistique binaire pour déterminer si le récit ou une plus grande inclusion des personnes autistes prédisaient moins d’indices capacitistes, en contrôlant la durée de carrière et les liens avec les personnes autistes. Résultats et discussion L’utilisation de récits médicalisés de l’autisme prédisait des probabilités plus élevées d’indices capacitistes, comparativement à l’emploi de récits du modèle social ou d’incarnation neutre. Une plus grande inclusion des personnes autistes dans la recherche prédisait des probabilités significativement plus faibles d’indices capacitistes, tout en contrôlant les autres contacts avec les personnes autistes et la durée de carrière. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé une analyse thématique réflexive pour analyser les perceptions des chercheurs concernant les personnes autistes et la recherche sur l’autisme. Les récits reflétaient les désaccords idéologiques fondamentaux du domaine, par exemple la question de savoir si les chercheurs considèrent l’autisme comme un obstacle intrinsèque à une bonne vie, et s’ils donnent la priorité à la recherche qui s’attaque à « l’autisme » plutôt qu’aux obstacles à l’inclusion sociétale des personnes autistes. L’instrumentalité, une forme d’objectification, était déterminante pour savoir si les chercheurs considéraient qu’une personne avait une valeur sociale, l’accent étant mis sur les capacités intellectuelles et l’indépendance. Enfin, le langage semblait agir comme un outil de normalisation de la violence. Les chercheurs s’appuyaient sur une idée amorphe de « l’autisme » lorsqu’ils parlaient de prévention ou d’éradication, potentiellement parce que cela semble plus acceptable que de parler de prévention des « personnes autistes », bien que l’autisme n’existe que dans le contexte des personnes autistes.

Introduction While not all autism research is ableism, autism researchers can be ableist, including by talking about autistic people in sub-human terms (dehumanization), treating autistic people like objects (objectification), and making othering statements which set autistic people apart from non-autistic people, and below in status (stigmatization). Method This mixed-method study aimed to investigate how autism researchers construct autistic people and autism research, and to investigate whether including autistic people more in research relates to lower ableism in narratives about autistic people. We used a survey with autism researchers ( N = 195) asking five open-ended questions about autism and autism research, as well as demographics, career length, contact with autistic people (familial and non-familial) and degree to which researchers involve autistic people in their research. We used content analysis to categorize narratives used by autism researchers and cues for ableism (dehumanization, objectification, and stigmatization). We then used binary-logistic regression to identify whether narrative or higher inclusion of autistic people predicted fewer ableist cues, controlling for career length and connections to autistic people. Results and discussion Using medicalized narratives of autism predicted higher odds of ableist cues compared to employing social model or neutral embodiment narratives. Greater inclusion of autistic people in research predicted significantly lower odds of ableist cues, while controlling for other contact with autistic people and career length. Next, we used reflexive thematic analysis to analyze researcher’s perceptions of autistic people and autism research. Narratives reflected core ideological disagreements of the field, such as whether researchers consider autism to be an intrinsic barrier to a good life, and whether researchers prioritize research which tackles “autism” versus barriers to societal inclusion for autistic people. Instrumentality (a form of objectification) was key to whether researchers considered a person to have social value with emphasis revolving around intellectual ability and independence. Lastly, language seemed to act as a tool of normalization of violence. Researchers relied on an amorphous idea of “autism” when talking about prevention or eradication, potentially because it sounds more palatable than talking about preventing “autistic people,” despite autism only existing within the context of autistic people.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
96
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
27 / 96 (28,1 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
47 / 232 (20,3 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 47 / 145 (32,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 28 / 190 (14,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
145 / 232 (62,5 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 105 / 190 (55,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
98 / 145 (67,6 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 98 / 232 (42,2 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 77 / 105 (73,3 %).
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