Le WISC-IV sous-estime-t-il l'intelligence des enfants autistes ?

Titre original en anglais : Does WISC-IV Underestimate the Intelligence of Autistic Children?

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Nader, A. M., Courchesne, V., Dawson, M., & Soulières, I. (2014). Does WISC-IV Underestimate the Intelligence of Autistic Children? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(5), 1582-1589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2270-z

Date de publication: 12/10/2014 Ajout dans AutiHub: 03/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Anne-Marie Nader
  2. Valérie Courchesne
  3. Michelle Dawson *
  4. Isabelle Soulières

Résumé

L'échelle d'intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants (WISC) est largement utilisée pour estimer l'intelligence autistique (Joseph dans The neuropsychology of autism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011 ; Goldstein et al. dans Assessment of autism spectrum disorders. Guilford Press, New York, 2008 ; Mottron dans J Autism Dev Disord 34(1):19-27, 2004). Cependant, des études antérieures suggèrent que, bien que le WISC-III et les Matrices progressives de Raven (RPM) fournissent des estimations similaires de l'intelligence non autistique, les enfants autistes obtiennent des résultats significativement meilleurs aux RPM (Dawson et al. dans Psychol Sci 18(8):657-662, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01954.x, 2007). La version la plus récente du WISC introduit des changements substantiels dans les sous-tests et les scores d'indice ; nous avons donc cherché à déterminer si le WISC-IV sous-estime toujours l'intelligence autistique. Vingt-cinq enfants autistes et 22 enfants typiques ont effectué le WISC-IV et les RPM. Les scores aux RPM des enfants autistes étaient significativement plus élevés que leur QI total au WISC-IV, mais aucune différence significative n'a été observée chez les enfants typiques. En outre, les enfants autistes présentaient un profil d'indices au WISC-IV distinctivement hétérogène, avec un « pic » dans le nouvel Indice de raisonnement perceptif. Malgré des changements majeurs, le QI total du WISC-IV continue de sous-estimer l'intelligence autistique.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is widely used to estimate autistic intelligence (Joseph in The neuropsychology of autism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011; Goldstein et al. in Assessment of autism spectrum disorders. Guilford Press, New York, 2008; Mottron in J Autism Dev Disord 34(1):19-27, 2004). However, previous studies suggest that while WISC-III and Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) provide similar estimates of non-autistic intelligence, autistic children perform significantly better on RPM (Dawson et al. in Psychol Sci 18(8):657-662, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01954.x , 2007). The latest WISC version introduces substantial changes in subtests and index scores; thus, we asked whether WISC-IV still underestimates autistic intelligence. Twenty-five autistic and 22 typical children completed WISC-IV and RPM. Autistic children's RPM scores were significantly higher than their WISC-IV FSIQ, but there was no significant difference in typical children. Further, autistic children showed a distinctively uneven WISC-IV index profile, with a "peak" in the new Perceptual Reasoning Index. In spite of major changes, WISC-IV FSIQ continues to underestimate autistic intelligence.

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Références citées
72
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
8 / 72 (11,1 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
8 / 175 (4,6 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 8 / 75 (10,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 2 / 125 (1,6 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
75 / 175 (42,9 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 31 / 125 (24,8 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
67 / 75 (89,3 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 67 / 175 (38,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 29 / 31 (93,5 %).
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