Éviter le langage capacitiste : suggestions pour les chercheurs sur l'autisme

Auteurs

Résumé

Dans ce commentaire, nous décrivons comment le langage utilisé pour communiquer au sujet de l'autisme dans une grande partie de la recherche sur l'autisme peut refléter et perpétuer des idéologies capacitistes (c'est-à-dire des croyances et pratiques qui discriminent les personnes en situation de handicap), que les chercheurs aient ou non l'intention de produire de tels effets. Nous nous appuyons largement sur les travaux universitaires de personnes autistes sur ce sujet, ainsi que sur la recherche et la théorie issues des études sur le handicap et de l'analyse du discours, pour définir le capacitisme et sa manifestation dans les pratiques linguistiques, fournir un aperçu historique du langage capacitiste utilisé pour décrire l'autisme, et examiner les appels de chercheurs autistes et de personnes non spécialistes à adopter d'autres façons de parler et d'écrire. Enfin, nous proposons plusieurs pistes précises pour aider les chercheurs sur l'autisme à réfléchir à leurs choix linguistiques et à les ajuster. Résumé grand public : Le langage est un moyen puissant de façonner la manière dont les personnes perçoivent l'autisme. Si les chercheurs prennent des mesures pour éviter le langage capacitiste, les chercheurs, les prestataires de services et la société dans son ensemble pourraient devenir plus acceptants et plus accommodants envers les personnes autistes.

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