La réalité de l’autisme : sur la métaphysique du trouble et de la diversité

Titre original en anglais : The reality of autism: On the metaphysics of disorder and diversity

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Chapman, R. (2020). The reality of autism: On the metaphysics of disorder and diversity. Philosophical Psychology, 33(6), 799-819. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2020.1751103

Date de publication: 18/04/2020 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
1
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 1 (100,0 %)
  1. Robert Chapman *

Résumé

Typiquement, bien qu’il soit notoirement difficile à définir, l’autisme a été représenté comme un trouble mental d’origine biologique pouvant être utilement étudié par la science biomédicale. Ces dernières années, cependant, des résultats problématiques concernant les fondements biologiques de l’autisme ; des recherches historiques examinant la nature changeante de la catégorisation ; et une absence d’utilité biomédicale ont conduit certains à suggérer d’abandonner le concept d’autisme. Mon intérêt ici porte sur la possibilité que l’autisme puisse demeurer une classification significative et utile même s’il manque de validité scientifique et d’utilité biomédicale. Après avoir soutenu que les conceptions de l’autisme comme classification psychiatrique sont insoutenables, je m’appuie sur la distinction établie par la philosophe féministe Iris Marion-Young entre les groupes et les collectifs sériels afin de rendre compte de la réalité de l’autisme en tant que catégorie sociale, qu’il est préférable de concevoir en termes de modèle social du handicap. Lorsqu’il est considéré comme un collectif sériel, je soutiens que nous pouvons comprendre de manière cohérente les personnes autistes comme formant une minorité marginalisée, handicapée en relation avec les contextes matériels et sociaux spécifiques, mais d’une manière qui évite les engagements neurocentriques. L’autisme est donc réel et précieux pour des raisons politiques et éthiques plutôt que biomédicales.

Typically, although it’s notoriously hard to define, autism has been represented as a biologically-based mental disorder that can be usefully investigated by biomedical science. In recent years, however, problematic findings regarding the biological underpinnings of autism; historical research examining the shifting nature of the categorization; and a lack of biomedical utility have led some to suggest abandoning the concept of autism. My interest here is the possibility that autism may remain a meaningful and helpful classification even if it lacks scientific validity and biomedical utility. After arguing that accounts of autism as a psychiatric classification are unsustainable, I draw on feminist philosopher Iris Marion-Young’s distinction between groups and serial collectives in order to account for the reality of autism as a social category, best framed in terms of a social model of disability. When it is taken as a serial collective, I argue, we can coherently understand autistic people as forming a marginalized minority, disabled in relation to the specific material and social contexts, yet in a way that avoids neuro-centric commitments. Autism is thus real and valuable for political and ethical rather than biomedical reasons.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
75
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
8 / 75 (10,7 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
11 / 103 (10,7 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 11 / 21 (52,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 8 / 92 (8,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
21 / 103 (20,4 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 14 / 92 (15,2 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
10 / 21 (47,6 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 10 / 103 (9,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 6 / 14 (42,9 %).
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