L'anti-validisme et l'exactitude scientifique dans la recherche sur l'autisme : une fausse dichotomie

Titre original en anglais : Anti-ableism and scientific accuracy in autism research: a false dichotomy

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Bottema‐Beutel, K., Kapp, S. K., Sasson, N. J., Gernsbacher, M. A., Natri, H. M., & Botha, M. (2023). Anti-ableism and scientific accuracy in autism research: a false dichotomy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1244451-1244451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1244451

Date de publication: 08/09/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
3 / 6 (50,0 %)
  1. Kristen Bottema‐Beutel
  2. Steven K. Kapp *
  3. Noah J. Sasson
  1. Morton Ann Gernsbacher
  2. Heini M Natri *
  3. Monique Botha *

Résumé

Il a récemment été avancé que les chercheurs sur l'autisme engagés à rejeter les cadres validistes dans leurs recherches pourraient sacrifier des conceptualisations « scientifiquement exactes » de l'autisme. Dans cet article de perspective, nous soutenons que : (a) l'anti-validisme par opposition à l'exactitude scientifique constitue une fausse dichotomie, (b) il n'existe pas de science exempte d'idéologie pouvant prétendre à l'exactitude scientifique, et (c) la science de l'autisme a connu des pistes erronées en partie en raison d'idéologies validistes non examinées qui sous-tendent les cadrages des chercheurs et leurs interprétations des données probantes. Afin d'illustrer nos affirmations, nous examinons plusieurs orientations de la recherche sur l'autisme qui ont été promues comme des avancées scientifiques, mais qui ont finalement été réfutées ou se sont révélées avoir une valeur explicative bien moindre que celle initialement proposée. Ces programmes de recherche ont comporté des affirmations concernant l'étiologie de l'autisme, la nature de l'autisme et des caractéristiques autistiques, ainsi que l'intervention en autisme. Ces pistes erronées ont eu en commun des présupposés validistes concernant l'autisme qui façonnent les perspectives des chercheurs. Les répercussions négatives de ces travaux ont été atténuées dans certains domaines de la recherche sur l'autisme, mais ces perspectives continuent d'exercer une influence sur la vie des personnes autistes, notamment sur la disponibilité des services, les discours sur l'autisme et les conceptualisations socioculturelles des personnes autistes. L'examen de ces pistes erronées peut aider les chercheurs actuels à mieux comprendre comment le validisme peut influencer négativement leurs domaines d'investigation. Nous concluons par un argument positif selon lequel la promotion de l'anti-validisme peut se faire parallèlement à l'amélioration de l'exactitude scientifique.

It was recently argued that autism researchers committed to rejecting ableist frameworks in their research may sacrifice "scientifically accurate" conceptualizations of autism. In this perspective piece, we argue that: (a) anti-ableism vs. scientific accuracy is a false dichotomy, (b) there is no ideology-free science that has claim to scientific accuracy, and (c) autism science has a history of false leads in part because of unexamined ableist ideologies that undergird researcher framings and interpretations of evidence. To illustrate our claims, we discuss several avenues of autism research that were promoted as scientific advances, but were eventually debunked or shown to have much less explanatory value than initially proposed. These research programs have involved claims about autism etiology, the nature of autism and autistic characteristics, and autism intervention. Common to these false leads have been ableist assumptions about autism that inform researcher perspectives. Negative impacts of this work have been mitigated in some areas of autism research, but these perspectives continue to exert influence on the lives of autistic people, including the availability of services, discourses about autism, and sociocultural conceptualizations of autistic people. Examining these false leads may help current researchers better understand how ableism may negatively influence their areas of inquiry. We close with a positive argument that promoting anti-ableism can be done in tandem with increasing scientific accuracy.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
111
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
26 / 111 (23,4 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
108 / 572 (18,9 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 108 / 304 (35,5 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 82 / 483 (17,0 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
304 / 572 (53,1 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 234 / 483 (48,4 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
196 / 304 (64,5 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 196 / 572 (34,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 152 / 234 (65,0 %).
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