« Lisez sur mes lèvres, pas sur mon corps » : une analyse thématique des préférences des personnes autistes en matière de communication sociale
Titre original en anglais : “Read my lips, not my body”: a thematic analysis of autistic people’s social communication preferences
Sutherland, H., Crompton, C. J., Long, J., & Fletcher‐Watson, S. (2024). “Read my lips, not my body”: a thematic analysis of autistic people’s social communication preferences [Preprint]. Center for Open Science. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/kn2wr
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Résumé
Les différences dans la socialisation et la communication entre les personnes autistes et non autistes sont bien documentées, mais principalement du point de vue de chercheurs non autistes présupposant un déficit de communication sociale autistique. Toutefois, des remises en question récentes suggèrent qu'il pourrait être plus exact de parler d'un « style » de communication sociale autistique. Cette étude qualitative cherche à mieux caractériser ce style et à comprendre comment les différences entre celui-ci et un style de communication non autistique pourraient produire des malentendus communicationnels. Huit adultes autistes (7 femmes, 1 personne non binaire) ont participé à un groupe de discussion en ligne asynchrone pendant deux semaines. Des questions leur ont été posées sur leurs valeurs sociales, leurs expériences de discussion avec des personnes non autistes, les interactions sociales positives, et ils ont été encouragés à commenter les contributions des autres membres du groupe et à fournir un retour à leur sujet. L'analyse thématique a produit cinq thèmes : 1) la vérité et l'honnêteté, 2) les exigences invisibles et leurs impacts, 3) l'empathie et la double empathie, 3) les forces autistiques et les aspects positifs de l'autisme, et 5) le rôle de la communauté autiste. Ces résultats mettent en évidence les manières dont les expériences différentes des personnes autistes en matière de communication sociale, ainsi que leurs attentes à cet égard, peuvent entrer en conflit avec celles des personnes non autistes, produisant des divergences de compréhension, et soulignent la nuance et la complexité des conceptualisations par les participants de l'autisme comme différence par opposition au déficit ou à la force.
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