(In)compréhension mutuelle : recadrer les « déficiences » pragmatiques autistiques à l'aide de la théorie de la pertinence

Titre original en anglais : Mutual (Mis)understanding: Reframing Autistic Pragmatic “Impairments” Using Relevance Theory

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Williams, G., Wharton, T., & Jagoe, C. (2021). Mutual (Mis)understanding: Reframing Autistic Pragmatic “Impairments” Using Relevance Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 616664-616664. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616664

Date de publication: 29/04/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Gemma Williams *
  2. Tim Wharton
  3. Caroline Jagoe

Résumé

Une caractéristique diagnostique et anecdotique centrale de l'autisme est la difficulté en matière de communication sociale. Nous adoptons la position selon laquelle la communication est un phénomène bidirectionnel et intersubjectif — tel que décrit par le problème de la double empathie — et proposons la théorie de la pertinence (une approche cognitive de l'interprétation des énoncés) comme moyen d'expliquer de telles difficultés de communication. Fondée sur un ensemble d'heuristiques proposées pour une interprétation réussie et rapide du sens intentionnel, la théorie de la pertinence présente la communication comme dépendante d'une « pertinence » partagée — et, surtout, mutuellement reconnue. Étant donné que les personnes autistes et non autistes peuvent parfois avoir des expériences incarnées du monde nettement différentes, nous soutenons que ce qui est le plus saillant pour chaque interlocuteur peut ne pas correspondre. La théorie de la pertinence prédirait que, lorsque cette information saillante n'est pas reconnue mutuellement ou prise en compte, la compréhension mutuelle peut être plus difficile à atteindre. Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude ethnographique linguistique à petite échelle sur la communication autistique, comprenant huit participants autistes principaux. Chaque participant autiste principal a pris part à trois conversations naturalistes sur le thème de la solitude avec : (1) un partenaire de conversation familier, choisi ; (2) un inconnu non autiste ; et (3) un inconnu autiste. La théorie de la pertinence est utilisée comme cadre pour l'analyse linguistique des interactions. La compréhension mutuelle était étonnamment élevée dans tous les types d'appariements conversationnels. Dans les conversations impliquant deux participants autistes, la fluidité, le rapport et l'ajustement intersubjectif étaient significativement accrus et, dans trois cas, les interlocuteurs autistes semblaient connaître des améliorations de leur compétence communicationnelle individuelle par rapport à leurs autres conversations. Les résultats pourraient orienter la réflexion future sur la manière dont, en termes pratiques, la communication entre les personnes autistes et non autistes, tant dans les contextes personnels que publics, pourrait être améliorée.

A central diagnostic and anecdotal feature of autism is difficulty with social communication. We take the position that communication is a two-way, intersubjective phenomenon—as described by the double empathy problem —and offer up relevance theory (a cognitive account of utterance interpretation) as a means of explaining such communication difficulties. Based on a set of proposed heuristics for successful and rapid interpretation of intended meaning, relevance theory positions communication as contingent on shared—and, importantly, mutually recognized—“relevance.” Given that autistic and non-autistic people may have sometimes markedly different embodied experiences of the world, we argue that what is most salient to each interlocutor may be mismatched. Relevance theory would predict that where this salient information is not (mutually) recognized or adjusted for, mutual understanding may be more effortful to achieve. This paper presents the findings from a small-scale, linguistic ethnographic study of autistic communication featuring eight core autistic participants. Each core autistic participant engaged in three naturalistic conversations around the topic of loneliness with: (1) a familiar, chosen conversation partner; (2) a non-autistic stranger and (3) an autistic stranger. Relevance theory is utilized as a frame for the linguistic analysis of the interactions. Mutual understanding was unexpectedly high across all types of conversation pairings. In conversations involving two autistic participants, flow, rapport and intersubjective attunement were significantly increased and in three instances, autistic interlocutors appeared to experience improvements in their individual communicative competence contrasted with their other conversations. The findings have the potential to guide future thinking about how, in practical terms, communication between autistic and non-autistic people in both personal and public settings might be improved.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
115
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
18 / 115 (15,7 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
27 / 271 (10,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 27 / 101 (26,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 19 / 218 (8,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
101 / 271 (37,3 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 67 / 218 (30,7 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
74 / 101 (73,3 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 74 / 271 (27,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 48 / 67 (71,6 %).
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