Les observateurs non autistes détectent et manifestent tous deux le problème de la double empathie lorsqu'ils évaluent des interactions entre adultes autistes et non autistes

Titre original en anglais : Non-autistic observers both detect and demonstrate the double empathy problem when evaluating interactions between autistic and non-autistic adults

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Jones, D. R., Botha, M., Ackerman, R. A., King, K., & Sasson, N. J. (2023). Non-autistic observers both detect and demonstrate the double empathy problem when evaluating interactions between autistic and non-autistic adults. Autism, 28(8), 2053-2065. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231219743

Date de publication: 27/12/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Desiree R. Jones
  2. Monique Botha *
  3. Robert A. Ackerman
  4. Kathryn King
  5. Noah J. Sasson

Résumé

Conformément à un cadre de « double empathie », les adultes autistes connaissent souvent de meilleures interactions avec des partenaires autistes qu'avec des partenaires non autistes. Nous avons ici examiné si des observateurs non autistes détectent des différences entre les interactions autistes et les interactions non autistes et mixtes. Des adultes non autistes (N = 102) ont évalué la qualité de l'interaction et les traits de 42 participants autistes et de 44 participants non autistes de sexe masculin interagissant dans des dyades de même neurotype ou de neurotypes mixtes. Les interactions et les participants non autistes ont reçu les évaluations les plus positives, les participants étant évalués plus favorablement lorsqu'ils interagissaient avec des partenaires non autistes et jugés moins intelligents et maladroits lorsqu'ils interagissaient avec des partenaires autistes. Les observateurs ont perçu les interactions mixtes comme étant globalement les moins réussies. Alors que les interactions non autistes ont été jugées plus fluides et plus agréables que les interactions mixtes, elles n'ont pas été évaluées différemment des interactions autistes sur aucune mesure de la qualité de l'interaction. Les observateurs ont également perçu que les participants non autistes, mais non les participants autistes, se révélaient davantage à des partenaires non autistes. Cependant, ils ont évalué les participants autistes plus négativement que leurs partenaires dans l'interaction ne les avaient évalués ; ils ont sous-estimé de manière disproportionnée les évaluations de confiance et d'intelligence faites par les participants autistes ; et ils ont déclaré un intérêt social moindre envers les participants que ne l'ont fait les personnes autistes et non autistes présentes dans les interactions. Collectivement, ces résultats indiquent que les adultes non autistes détectent et manifestent tous deux le problème de la double empathie lorsqu'ils observent des interactions sociales impliquant des personnes autistes. Résumé en langage clair Le « problème de la double empathie » renvoie à des ruptures de communication et de compréhension qui surviennent fréquemment entre les personnes autistes et non autistes. Des études antérieures ont montré que les personnes autistes établissent souvent un meilleur rapport et une meilleure connexion lorsqu'elles interagissent avec d'autres personnes autistes que lorsqu'elles interagissent avec des personnes non autistes, mais il n'est pas clair si cela est perceptible par des observateurs non autistes. Dans cette étude, 102 étudiants universitaires non autistes ont visionné et évalué des enregistrements vidéo de conversations de « prise de connaissance » entre des paires d'adultes autistes et non autistes. Parfois, les paires étaient composées de deux personnes autistes, parfois de deux personnes non autistes, et parfois il s'agissait d'interactions « mixtes » entre une personne autiste et une personne non autiste. Les observateurs avaient tendance à évaluer le plus favorablement les participants non autistes et leurs interactions, mais, conformément au « problème de la double empathie », ils ont évalué les interactions mixtes entre personnes autistes et non autistes comme étant les moins réussies. Ils ont également perçu que seules les personnes non autistes se révélaient davantage lorsqu'elles interagissaient avec un partenaire de conversation non autiste. Les partenaires de conversation des participants autistes avaient tendance à les évaluer plus favorablement que les observateurs extérieurs, ce qui suggère que le contact personnel peut faciliter des évaluations plus positives des personnes autistes. En outre, les observateurs ont exprimé moins d'intérêt social envers les participants que les participants autistes et non autistes dans les interactions. Ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que les observateurs non autistes détectent et manifestent tous deux certains aspects du problème de la double empathie.

Consistent with a “double empathy” framework, autistic adults often experience better interaction with autistic compared with non-autistic partners. Here, we examined whether non-autistic observers detect differences in autistic interactions relative to non-autistic and mixed ones. Non-autistic adults ( N = 102) rated the interaction quality and traits of 42 autistic and 44 non-autistic male participants interacting in same or mixed-neurotype dyads. Non-autistic interactions and participants were evaluated most positively, with participants rated more favorably when interacting with non-autistic partners and rated as less intelligent and awkward when interacting with autistic partners. Observers perceived mixed interactions as the least successful overall. Whereas non-autistic interactions were rated as smoother and more enjoyable than mixed interactions, they were not rated differently from autistic interactions on any measure of interaction quality. Observers also perceived that non-autistic participants but not autistic participants disclosed more to non-autistic partners. However, they evaluated autistic participants more negatively than their partners in the interaction evaluated them; they disproportionately underestimated trust and intelligence ratings made by autistic participants; and they and reported lower social interest in participants than did the autistic and non-autistic people in the interactions. Collectively, these findings indicate that non-autistic adults both detect and demonstrate the double empathy problem when observing social interactions involving autistic people. Lay Abstract The “double empathy problem” refers to breakdowns in communication and understanding that frequently occur between autistic and non-autistic people. Previous studies have shown that autistic people often establish better rapport and connection when interacting with other autistic people compared to when interacting with non-autistic people, but it is unclear whether this is noticeable to non-autistic observers. In this study, 102 non-autistic undergraduate students viewed and rated video recordings of “get to know you” conversations between pairs of autistic and non-autistic adults. Sometimes the pairs were two autistic people, sometimes they were two non-autistic people, and sometimes they were “mixed” interactions of one autistic and one non-autistic person. Observers tended to rate non-autistic participants and their interactions the most favorably, but—consistent with the “double empathy problem”—they rated mixed interactions between autistic and non-autistic people as the least successful. They also perceived that only non-autistic people disclosed more when interacting with a non-autistic conversation partner. Autistic participants’ partners in the conversations tended to evaluate them more favorably than did outside observers, suggesting that personal contact may facilitate more positive evaluations of autistic people. Furthermore, observers expressed less social interest in participants than did the autistic and non-autistic participants in the interactions. Together, these findings suggest that non-autistic observers both detect and demonstrate some aspects of the double empathy problem.

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
74
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
10 / 74 (13,5 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
11 / 263 (4,2 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 11 / 114 (9,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 8 / 204 (3,9 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
114 / 263 (43,3 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 70 / 204 (34,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
103 / 114 (90,4 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 103 / 263 (39,2 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 62 / 70 (88,6 %).
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