L’appariement du neurotype, mais non le fait d’être autiste, influence les évaluations par soi-même et par les observateurs du rapport interpersonnel

Titre original en anglais : Neurotype-Matching, but Not Being Autistic, Influences Self and Observer Ratings of Interpersonal Rapport

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Crompton, C. J., Sharp, M., Axbey, H., Fletcher‐Watson, S., Flynn, E. G., & Ropar, D. (2020). Neurotype-Matching, but Not Being Autistic, Influences Self and Observer Ratings of Interpersonal Rapport. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 586171-586171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586171

Date de publication: 23/10/2020 Ajout dans AutiHub: 08/08/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 6 (16,7 %)
  1. Catherine J. Crompton
  2. Martha Sharp
  3. Harriet Axbey *
  1. Sue Fletcher‐Watson
  2. Emma G. Flynn
  3. Danielle Ropar

Résumé

La théorie de la double empathie suggère que les difficultés de communication entre les personnes autistes et non autistes sont dues à des différences bidirectionnelles de style communicationnel et à un manque réciproque de compréhension. Si cela est vrai, il devrait exister une similitude accrue du style d’interaction, entraînant un rapport plus élevé lors des interactions entre des paires de même neurotype. Nous présentons ici deux tests empiriques du rapport, dont les données révèlent si le rapport évalué par soi-même et par les observateurs varie selon la concordance ou la discordance du statut autistique au sein d’une paire. Ces données offrent également la possibilité d’examiner l’effet du statut autistique de l’évaluateur sur le rapport perçu entre des paires concordantes et discordantes. Dans l’étude 1, 72 participants ont été répartis dans l’une des trois conditions de dyade : paires autistes (n = 24), paires non autistes (n = 24) et paires mixtes (n = 12 autistes ; n = 12 non autistes). Chaque participant a réalisé trois interactions semi-structurées avec son partenaire, en évaluant le rapport après chaque interaction. Les paires non autistes ont connu un rapport autoévalué plus élevé que les paires mixtes et autistes, et les paires autistes ont connu un rapport plus élevé que les paires mixtes. Dans l’étude 2 (n = 80), des observateurs autistes et non autistes ont évalué le rapport interactionnel en regardant des interactions filmées entre des paires autistes, des paires non autistes et des paires mixtes (n = 18, un sous-ensemble des participants de l’étude 1). Les paires mixtes ont reçu des évaluations de rapport significativement plus faibles que les paires autistes et non autistes, et les paires autistes ont reçu des évaluations de rapport plus élevées que les paires non autistes. Les observateurs autistes comme non autistes montrent des profils similaires dans leur manière d’évaluer le rapport des paires autistes, non autistes et mixtes. En résumé, les personnes autistes connaissent un rapport interactionnel élevé lorsqu’elles interagissent avec d’autres personnes autistes, et cela est également détecté par des observateurs externes. Plutôt que de connaître un faible rapport dans tous les contextes, leurs évaluations du rapport sont influencées par une discordance de diagnostic. Ces résultats suggèrent que les personnes autistes possèdent un mode distinct de style d’interaction sociale, plutôt que de présenter des déficits de compétences sociales. Ces données sont examinées au regard de leurs implications pour les théories psychologiques de l’autisme, ainsi que de leur impact pratique sur les pratiques éducatives et cliniques.

The Double Empathy Theory suggests that communicative difficulties between autistic and non-autistic people are due to bi-directional differences in communicative style and a reciprocal lack of understanding. If true, there should be increased similarity in interaction style, resulting in higher rapport during interactions between pairs of the same neurotype. Here, we provide two empirical tests of rapport, with data revealing whether self- and observer- rated rapport varies depending on the match or mismatch in autism status within a pair. An additional opportunity afforded by these data is to examine the effect of the autism status of the rater on the perceived rapport between matched and mismatched pairs. In Study 1 72 participants were allocated to one of three dyad conditions: autistic pairs (n = 24), non-autistic pairs (n=24) and mixed pairs (n=12 autistic; n=12 non-autistic). Each participant completed three semi-structured interactions with their partner, rating rapport after each interaction. Non-autistic pairs experienced higher self-rated rapport than mixed and autistic pairs, and autistic pairs experienced higher rapport than mixed pairs. In Study 2 (n = 80) autistic and non-autistic observers rated interactional rapport while watching videoed interactions between autistic pairs, non-autistic pairs, and mixed pairs (n=18, a subset of participants in Study 1). Mixed pairs were rated significantly lower on rapport than autistic and non-autistic pairs, and autistic pairs were rated more highly for rapport than non-autistic pairs. Both autistic and non-autistic observers show similar patterns in how they rate the rapport of autistic, non-autistic, and mixed pairs. In summary, autistic people experience high interactional rapport when interacting with other autistic people, and this is also detected by external observers. Rather than autistic people experiencing low rapport in all contexts, their rapport ratings are influenced by a mismatch of diagnosis. These findings suggest that autistic people possess a distinct mode of social interaction style, rather than demonstrating social skills deficits. These data are considered in terms of their implications for psychological theories of autism, as well as practical impact on educational and clinical practice.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
75
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
8 / 75 (10,7 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
10 / 222 (4,5 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 10 / 87 (11,5 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 9 / 176 (5,1 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
87 / 222 (39,2 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 59 / 176 (33,5 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
77 / 87 (88,5 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 77 / 222 (34,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 50 / 59 (84,7 %).
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