Intérêts autistiques : étendus et orientés vers l'intellect

Titre original en anglais : Autistic interests: wide-ranging and intellectually oriented

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Caldwell-Harris, C. L. (2026). Autistic interests: wide-ranging and intellectually oriented. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1749552

Date de publication: 31/08/2026 Ajout dans AutiHub: 02/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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1 / 1 (100,0 %)
  1. Catherine L. Caldwell-Harris *

Résumé

Introduction Les intérêts des personnes autistes ont traditionnellement été décrits comme circonscrits et restreints, remplissant des fonctions d'autorégulation en réduisant l'erreur de prédiction. Historiquement, cela pouvait sembler raisonnable lorsqu'il s'agissait d'enfants et d'adultes autistes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. La présente étude a examiné le caractère restrictif et la fonction des intérêts ciblés chez des adultes autistes ayant des capacités intellectuelles typiques. Méthodes Afin d'entendre les adultes autistes eux-mêmes, en contournant les orientations des intervieweurs, des messages de discussion en ligne ont été analysés à partir de fils ouverts par des questions telles que « Quels sont vos intérêts particuliers ? ». Une analyse de contenu a été utilisée pour classer les thèmes des intérêts particuliers dans une taxonomie (p. ex., Académique, Divertissement) et pour coder les fonctions, notamment la recherche de connaissances (systématisation), la maîtrise, l'autorégulation et la socialisation. Des analyses de fréquence des mots ont dénombré les termes associés au contenu intellectuel et à l'intensité, afin d'évaluer si les intérêts servent la recherche de connaissances plutôt que l'autorégulation. Résultats Les thèmes académiques dominaient les intérêts mentionnés, apparaissant dans environ la moitié de tous les messages, les thèmes liés à la psychologie étant les plus fréquents, apparaissant dans 29 % des messages. Les intérêts étaient souvent très spécifiques, mais étaient fréquemment à l'opposé de restreints. De nombreux messages décrivaient un éventail important et diversifié d'intérêts, couvrant des domaines disparates, ce qui a été qualifié d'appétit intellectuel étendu. La recherche de connaissances est apparue comme la fonction principale, 52 % des messages contenant des termes pertinents (p. ex., apprendre, lire, rechercher). Des approches intellectuelles d'un intérêt étaient fréquemment rapportées, même pour des sujets non académiques tels que les mondes fictifs, la cuisine, les animaux de compagnie et les faits divers criminels. Les messages décrivant l'objectif des intérêts comme étant l'autorégulation apparaissaient dans 9 % des messages, la carrière dans 6 % des messages et la socialisation dans 4 % des messages. Discussion Les résultats remettent en question la perspective traditionnelle du déficit en démontrant que les intérêts ciblés chez les adultes autistes sont caractérisés par la recherche de connaissances, un construit similaire à la systématisation, mais plus explicitement situé sur un continuum avec les intérêts académiques. Ces intérêts ne sont pas restreints mais étendus, ressemblant aux explorations des polymathes. Le point de vue établi, selon lequel les intérêts intenses réduisent l'anxiété en favorisant la prévisibilité, trouve son origine dans l'attention historique portée aux personnes autistes ayant des capacités intellectuelles atypiques. La déficience intellectuelle masquait la manière dont les comportements répétitifs tels que la manipulation d'objets sont des « expériences pour voir ». Je propose que la recherche de connaissances soit la fonction principale de la systématisation et des intérêts intenses, unifiant ainsi les intérêts ciblés à travers de multiples niveaux de capacités intellectuelles du spectre de l'autisme.

Introduction The interests of autistic individuals have traditionally been described as circumscribed and restricted, serving the functions of self-regulation by reducing prediction error. Historically, this may have seemed reasonable when applied to autistic children and adults with intellectual disability. The current study investigated the restrictiveness and function of focused interests of autistic adults with typical intellectual ability. Methods To hear from autistic adults themselves, bypassing interviewers’ agendas, online discussion posts were analyzed from threads that opened with questions such as What are your special interests? Content analysis was utilized to categorize the special interest topics into a taxonomy (e.g., Academic, Entertainment) and to code for functions, including knowledge seeking (systemizing), mastery, self-regulation, and socializing. Word frequency analyses tallied terms associated with intellectual content and intensity, to evaluate whether interests serve knowledge-seeking vs self-regulation. Results Academic topics dominated the interests mentioned, appearing in approximately half of all posts, with psychology-related topics being the most frequent, appearing in 29% of posts. Interests were often highly specific, but were frequently the opposite of restricted. Many posts described a large, diverse range of interests, spanning disparate domains, which was labeled wide-ranging intellectual appetite. Knowledge seeking emerged as the primary function, with 52% of posts containing relevant terms (e.g., learn, read, research ). Intellectual approaches to an interest were frequently reported even for non-academic topics like fictional worlds, cooking, pets and true crime. Posts describing the purpose of interests as self-regulation appeared in 9% of posts, career, 6% of posts, and socializing, 4% of posts. Discussion The findings challenge the traditional deficit perspective by demonstrating that focused interests in autistic adults are characterized by knowledge seeking, a construct similar to systemizing, but more explicitly on a continuum with academic interests. These interests are not restricted but wide-ranging, resembling the explorations of polymaths. The established view, that intense interests reduce anxiety by promoting predictability, originated in historical attention to autistic individuals with atypical intellectual ability. Intellectual disability obscured how repetitive behaviors such as object manipulation are ‘experiments to see’. I propose that knowledge-seeking is the primary function of systemizing and intense interests, thus unifying focused interests across multiple levels of intellectual ability of the autism spectrum.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 12/09/2026 18:17.

Références citées
102
Avec un DOI
82
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
20
18 / 102 (17,6 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
1 / 102 (1,0 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
101 / 102 (99,0 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
1
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
20
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
340
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
340
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
131 / 340 (38,5 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 209 / 340 (61,5 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
31 / 340 (9,1 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 31 / 131 (23,7 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 22 / 309 (7,1 %).
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