Une analyse conceptuelle du masquage autistique : comprendre le récit de la stigmatisation et l'illusion du choix

Titre original en anglais : A Conceptual Analysis of Autistic Masking: Understanding the Narrative of Stigma and the Illusion of Choice

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Pearson, A. & Rose, K. (2021). A Conceptual Analysis of Autistic Masking: Understanding the Narrative of Stigma and the Illusion of Choice. Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2020.0043

Date de publication: 22/01/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
2
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 2 (100,0 %)
  1. Amy Pearson *
  2. Kieran Rose *

Résumé

Le masquage autistique est un domaine de recherche émergent qui vise à comprendre la suppression consciente ou inconsciente des réponses autistiques naturelles et l'adoption d'alternatives dans divers domaines. Il est suggéré que le masquage pourrait être lié à des issues négatives pour les personnes autistes, notamment un diagnostic tardif ou manqué, des problèmes de santé mentale, l'épuisement et la suicidalité. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre ce qu'est le masquage et pourquoi il se produit. Dans cette analyse conceptuelle, nous suggérons que le masquage est une réponse peu surprenante au récit déficitaire et à la stigmatisation qui l'accompagne, développés autour de l'autisme. Nous décrivons comment la théorie sociale classique (c'est-à-dire la théorie de l'identité sociale) peut nous aider à comprendre comment et pourquoi les personnes masquent, en situant le masquage dans le contexte social dans lequel il se développe. Nous nous appuyons sur la littérature relative à la stigmatisation et à la marginalisation afin d'examiner comment le masquage pourrait s'articuler avec différents aspects de l'identité (p. ex., le genre). Nous soutenons que, bien que le masquage puisse contribuer aux disparités en matière de diagnostic, il est important de ne pas imposer de normes et de stéréotypes de genre en associant le masquage à un « phénotype autistique féminin ». Enfin, nous formulons des recommandations pour les recherches futures, en soulignant la nécessité d'une meilleure compréhension des différentes façons dont l'autisme peut se manifester chez différentes personnes (p. ex., intériorisation et extériorisation) et de l'intersectionnalité. Nous suggérons d'examiner le masquage à travers une perspective sociodéveloppementale, en tenant compte des facteurs qui contribuent au développement initial du masque et qui déterminent son maintien. Résumé destiné au grand public : Nous espérons que cette analyse aidera les chercheurs à comprendre que certains aspects du masquage peuvent être propres aux personnes autistes, mais que certains aspects peuvent ressembler à d'autres formes de « faire semblant d'être normal » que d'autres personnes socialement exclues utilisent pour tenter de s'intégrer. Nous espérons que nos suggestions pourront contribuer à améliorer notre compréhension du masquage et conduire à des recherches qui améliorent la vie des personnes autistes.

Autistic masking is an emerging research area that focuses on understanding the conscious or unconscious suppression of natural autistic responses and adoption of alternatives across a range of domains. It is suggested that masking may relate to negative outcomes for autistic people, including late/missed diagnosis, mental health issues, burnout, and suicidality. This makes it essential to understand what masking is, and why it occurs. In this conceptual analysis, we suggest that masking is an unsurprising response to the deficit narrative and accompanying stigma that has developed around autism. We outline how classical social theory (i.e., social identity theory) can help us to understand how and why people mask by situating masking in the social context in which it develops. We draw upon the literature on stigma and marginalization to examine how masking might intersect with different aspects of identity (e.g., gender). We argue that although masking might contribute toward disparities in diagnosis, it is important that we do not impose gender norms and stereotypes by associating masking with a "female autism phenotype." Finally we provide recommendations for future research, stressing the need for increased understanding of the different ways that autism may present in different people (e.g., internalizing and externalizing) and intersectionality. We suggest that masking is examined through a sociodevelopmental lens, taking into account factors that contribute toward the initial development of the mask and that drive its maintenance. Lay summary: We hope that this analysis will help researchers to understand that some aspects of masking might be unique to autistic people, but some aspects might be like other kinds of "pretending to be normal" that other people who are socially excluded use to try and fit in. We hope that our suggestions can help to improve our understanding of masking, and lead to research that makes life better for autistic people.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
97
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
18 / 97 (18,6 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
28 / 285 (9,8 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 28 / 151 (18,5 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 16 / 227 (7,0 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
151 / 285 (53,0 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 99 / 227 (43,6 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
123 / 151 (81,5 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 123 / 285 (43,2 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 83 / 99 (83,8 %).
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