The A3ReAcH (Autistic, ADHD and AuDHD research accessibility in healthcare) framework: Principles for inclusive healthcare research with autistic, ADHD and AuDHD individuals in radiography and medical radiation technology

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Potts, B., Skelton, E., Pavlopoulou, G., Karaminis, T., & Malamateniou, C. (2025). The A3ReAcH (Autistic, ADHD and AuDHD research accessibility in healthcare) framework: Principles for inclusive healthcare research with autistic, ADHD and AuDHD individuals in radiography and medical radiation technology. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 56(5), 102009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2025.102009

Journal or book title
Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Volume
56
Issue
5
Pages
102009
Article number
102009
Publication date: 1 Jul 2025 Added to AutiHub: 25 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 5 (20.0%)
  1. B. Potts *
  2. Emily Skelton
  3. Georgia Pavlopoulou
  4. Themis Karaminis
  5. C. Malamateniou

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Autistic, ADHD and AuDHD individuals are often excluded from healthcare/radiography research due to inaccessible methodologies and systemic biases, perpetuating well-documented health inequalities. While researchers can recognise this, they may be unequipped to address it effectively. This narrative review introduces the A3ReAcH (Autistic, ADHD and AuDHD Research Accessibility in Healthcare) framework, which provides practical guidance for designing and conducting accessible, inclusive and participatory research. METHOD: Two searches of peer-reviewed studies (2019-2024) were conducted using Emcare, MEDLINE, Social Policy and Practice, CINAHL, the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The key themes were identified, and a framework was synthesised that aligns with different stages of the research lifecycle (planning to dissemination). RESULTS: The searches retrieved 86 articles: 54 methodological and 32 original research. Key themes are presented as a 12-item framework. The A3ReAcH framework outlines practical strategies such as diversifying research teams, ensuring equitable power-sharing, prioritising participatory methods, and adapting research designs to neurodivergent needs. It also emphasises the importance of accessible recruitment, fair compensation, and inclusive dissemination. Additionally, it highlights the role of intersectionality in shaping neurodivergent experiences and provides recommendations to reduce systemic barriers in research. CONCLUSION: All healthcare/radiography research should include and respect neurodivergent experiences. The A3ReAcH framework empowers researchers to produce more equitable and actionable research by including neurodivergent voices and dismantling barriers to participation. By integrating these principles, healthcare/radiography researchers can improve the participant experience, enhance data quality, and drive systemic change in healthcare/radiography research, moving towards findings that genuinely represent the diversity of the population.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 17:07.

Cited references
161
With a DOI
143
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
18
61 / 161 (37.9%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 161 (3.1%)
References with detected author names
158 / 161 (98.1%)
Without detected author names
3
Without a structured title
3
Without a stable identifier
15
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
861
From DOI or external metadata
861
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
1
595 / 861 (69.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 266 / 861 (30.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
186 / 861 (21.6%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 186 / 595 (31.3%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 110 / 660 (16.7%).
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