Eight principles of neuro-inclusion; an autistic perspective on innovating inclusive research methods
Dark, J. (2024). Eight principles of neuro-inclusion; an autistic perspective on innovating inclusive research methods. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1326536-1326536. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1326536
Authors
Abstract
In this article I explain the value of autistic perspectives in research and argue that support for autistic scholars, community leaders and professionals are required as an inclusive research consideration. I propose consolidation, innovation, and evaluation of inclusive research principles, with consideration given to epistemic agency, autistic participation, and actionable research outcomes. I then present "Eight Principles of Neuro-Inclusion," a reflexive tool that I have designed as a way of encouraging new developments of inclusive research practices. Through flexible application of this approach, it is hoped that innovative new inclusive methods will materialize, in pursuit of epistemic justice, and in support of actionable research outcomes that benefit our autism community.
Bibliography cited by this reference
Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.
Bibliography inclusion overview
These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:30.
-
Damian Milton *Autistic author. Learn more… (2012). On the ontological status of autism: the ‘double empathy problem’ . Disability & Society, 27(6), 883-887. Informa UK Limited.
-
Jo Aldridge (2014). Working with vulnerable groups in social research: dilemmas by default and design . Qualitative Research, 14(1), 112-130. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Colin Barnes (2002). ‘Emancipatory disability research’: project or process? Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 2(1). Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Aldridge (2016). B2 Participatory Research: Working with Vulnerable Groups in Research and Practice.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Amandine Catala *Autistic author. Learn more… , Luc Faucher , Pierre Poirier (2021). Autism, epistemic injustice, and epistemic disablement: a relational account of epistemic agency . Synthese, 199(3-4), 9013-9039. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
-
Evan P. Apfelbaum , Katherine W. Phillips , Jennifer A. Richeson (2014). Rethinking the Baseline in Diversity Research . Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(3), 235-244. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
(2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Kathryn Lewis , Lorna Hamilton , Jonathan Vincent (2024). Exploring the experiences of autistic pupils through creative research methods: Reflections on a participatory approach . Infant and Child Development, 33(3), e2467. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Hanne De Jaegher (2013). Embodiment and sense-making in autism . Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 15. Frontiers Media SA.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
(2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).Type: OtherCrossref
-
Alexandra König , Tally Hatzakis , Alexey (Aliaksei) Andrushevich , Evert-Jan Hoogerwerf , Elvia Vasconcelos , Carolina Launo et al. (2022). A reflection on participatory research methodologies in the light of the COVID-19 – lessons learnt from the European Research Project TRIPS . Open Research Europe, 1, 153. F1000 Research Ltd.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Joseph Henrich , Steven J. Heine , Ara Norenzayan (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2-3), 61-83. Cambridge University Press (CUP).OpenAlex
-
Hanna Bertilsdotter Rosqvist *Autistic author. Learn more… , Marianthi Kourti *Autistic author. Learn more… , David Jackson‐Perry , Charlotte Brownlow , Kirsty Fletcher , Daniel Bendelman *Autistic author. Learn more… et al. (2019). Doing it differently: emancipatory autism studies within a neurodiverse academic space . Disability & Society, 34(7-8), 1082-1101. Informa UK Limited.
-
Tony Ross-Hellauer , Jonathan P. Tennant , Viltė Banelytė , Edit Gorogh , Daniela Luzi , Peter Kraker et al. (2020). Ten simple rules for innovative dissemination of research . PLOS Computational Biology, 16(4), e1007704. Public Library of Science (PLoS).Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Jillian C. Wallis , Christine L. Borgman (2011). Who is responsible for data? An exploratory study of data authorship, ownership, and responsibility . Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 48(1), 1-10. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Hanna Bertilsdotter Rosqvist *Autistic author. Learn more… , Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kristien Hens , Sarinah O’Donoghue *Autistic author. Learn more… , Amy Pearson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Anna Stenning *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). Cutting our own keys: New possibilities of neurodivergent storying in research . Autism, 27(5), 1235-1244. SAGE Publications.
-
Rachael Davis , Catherine J. Crompton (2021). What Do New Findings About Social Interaction in Autistic Adults Mean for Neurodevelopmental Research? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(3), 649-653. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Elizabeth Pellicano , Adam Dinsmore , Tony Charman (2014). What should autism research focus upon? Community views and priorities from the United Kingdom . Autism, 18(7), 756-770. SAGE Publications.
-
Ruth Monk *Autistic author. Learn more… , Andrew Whitehouse , Hannah Waddington (2022). The use of language in autism research . Trends in Neurosciences, 45(11), 791-793. Elsevier BV.
-
Douwe Draaisma (2009). Stereotypes of autism . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1522), 1475-1480. The Royal Society.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , Eilidh Cage (2022). Autism research is in crisis: A mixed method study of researcher’s constructions of autistic people and autism research. Front. Psychol., 13.Type: Other DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022f.1050897 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4309855376 Crossref: not found DataCite: not found
-
Kristen Bottema‐Beutel , Steven K. Kapp *Autistic author. Learn more… , Jessica Nina Lester , Noah J. Sasson , Brittany N. Hand (2021). Avoiding Ableist Language: Suggestions for Autism Researchers . Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 18-29. SAGE Publications.
-
Amy Ellard-Gray , Nicole K. Jeffrey , Melisa Choubak , Sara E. Crann (2015). Finding the Hidden Participant . International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 14(5), 1. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , Jacqueline Hanlon , Gemma Williams *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). Does Language Matter? Identity-First Versus Person-First Language Use in Autism Research: A Response to Vivanti . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 870-878. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
-
Nick Watson (2016). Participatory research: working with vulnerable groups in research and practice . Disability & Society, 31(6), 855-856. Informa UK Limited.OpenAlex
-
Anila M. D'Mello , Isabelle R. Frosch , Cindy E. Li , Annie L. Cardinaux , John D.E. Gabrieli (2022). Exclusion of females in autism research: Empirical evidence for a “leaky” recruitment‐to‐research pipeline . Autism Research, 15(10), 1929-1940. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Sue Fletcher‐Watson , Jonathan Adams *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kabie Brook *Autistic author. Learn more… , Tony Charman , Laura Crane , James Cusack *Autistic author. Learn more… et al. (2019). Making the future together: Shaping autism research through meaningful participation . Autism, 23(4), 943-953. SAGE Publications.
-
Nicole Brown (2022). Scope and continuum of participatory research . International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 45(2), 200-211. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Emine Gürbüz , Mary Hanley , Deborah M. Riby (2019). University Students with Autism: The Social and Academic Experiences of University in the UK . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(2), 617-631. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
M. Ariel Cascio , Jonathan A. Weiss , Éric Racine (2021). Making Autism Research Inclusive by Attending to Intersectionality: a Review of the Research Ethics Literature . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8(1), 22-36. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Christina Nicolaidis , Dora M Raymaker *Autistic author. Learn more… , Steven K. Kapp *Autistic author. Learn more… , Amelia E.V. Baggs , Elesia Ashkenazy *Autistic author. Learn more… , Katherine McDonald et al. (2019). The AASPIRE practice-based guidelines for the inclusion of autistic adults in research as co-researchers and study participants . Autism, 23(8), 2007-2019. SAGE Publications.
-
Rosalind Cooper , Kate Cooper , Ailsa Russell , Laura G. E. Smith (2021). “I’m Proud to be a Little Bit Different”: The Effects of Autistic Individuals’ Perceptions of Autism and Autism Social Identity on Their Collective Self-esteem . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(2), 704-714. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Sandy Thompson-Hodgetts (2023). Reflections on my experiences as a non-autistic autism researcher . Autism, 27(1), 259-261. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Alexandra Leedham , Andrew R. Thompson , Richard Smith , Megan Freeth (2020). ‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood . Autism, 24(1), 135-146. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Laura Crane , Caroline Hearst *Autistic author. Learn more… , Maria Ashworth , Jade Davies (2023). Evaluating the online delivery of an autistic-led programme to support newly diagnosed or identified autistic adults . Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 8, 23969415231189608-23969415231189608. SAGE Publications.
-
Emma Gowen , Rachel Taylor , Thomas Bleazard , Anat Greenstein , Peter Baimbridge , Daniel Poole (2019). Guidelines for conducting research studies with the autism community. Autism Policy & Practice, 2(1), 29.Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2987130266Crossref OpenAlex
-
Catherine J. Crompton , Danielle Ropar , Claire VM Evans-Williams *Autistic author. Learn more… , Emma G. Flynn , Sue Fletcher‐Watson (2020). Autistic peer-to-peer information transfer is highly effective . Autism, 24(7), 1704-1712. SAGE Publications.
-
Olivia Hewitt , Peter E. Langdon , Katherine Tapp , Michael Larkin (2023). A systematic review and narrative synthesis of inclusive health and social care research with people with intellectual disabilities: How are co‐researchers involved and what are their experiences? Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 36(4), 681-701. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Catherine J. Crompton , Sonny Hallett *Autistic author. Learn more… , Danielle Ropar , Emma G. Flynn , Sue Fletcher‐Watson (2020). ‘I never realised everybody felt as happy as I do when I am around autistic people’: A thematic analysis of autistic adults’ relationships with autistic and neurotypical friends and family . Autism, 24(6), 1438-1448. SAGE Publications.AutiHub · Autistic Scholars OpenAlex
-
F. Gratton , John F. Strang , Minneh Song , Kate Cooper , Aimilia Kallitsounaki , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2023). The Intersection of Autism and Transgender and Nonbinary Identities: Community and Academic Dialogue on Research and Advocacy . Autism in Adulthood, 5(2), 112-124. SAGE Publications.
-
Gemma North (2023). Reconceptualising ‘reasonable adjustments’ for the successful employment of autistic women . Disability & Society, 38(6), 944-962. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Bethany F. Oakley , Julian Tillmann , Amber Ruigrok , Aurélie Baranger , Christian Takow , Tony Charman et al. (2020). COVID-19 health and social care access for autistic people and individuals with intellectual disability: A European policy review. Int. J. Res. Method Educ., 45, 200. Center for Open Science.
-
Sue Fletcher‐Watson , Sven Bölte , Catherine J. Crompton , Desiree R. Jones , Meng-Chuan Lai , Will Mandy et al. (2021). Publishing standards for promoting excellence in autism research . Autism, 25(6), 1501-1504. SAGE Publications.
-
Jaime Flowers , Jillian Dawes , Daniel McCleary , Hunter Marzolf (2023). Words matter: Language preferences in a sample of autistic adults . Neurodiversity, 1. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Joseph Henrich , Steven J. Heine , Ara Norenzayan (2010). The Weirdest People in the World? SSRN Electron. J., 139, 1. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Aimee Grant *Autistic author. Learn more… , Helen Kara (2021). Considering the Autistic advantage in qualitative research: the strengths of Autistic researchers . Contemporary Social Science, 16(5), 589-603. Informa UK Limited.
-
Kayla M. Malone , Jamie N. Pearson , Kayla N. Palazzo , Lonnie D. Manns , Amelia Q. Rivera , DeVoshia L. Mason Martin (2022). The Scholarly Neglect of Black Autistic Adults in Autism Research . Autism in Adulthood, 4(4), 271-280. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Laurence Hasson , Saskia Keville , Jen Gallagher , Dami Onagbesan , Amanda K. Ludlow (2024). Inclusivity in education for autism spectrum disorders: Experiences of support from the perspective of parent/carers, school teaching staff and young people on the autism spectrum . International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(2), 201-212. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
-
Elizabeth A. Kaplan‐Kahn , Reid Caplan *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). Combating stigma in autism research through centering autistic voices: a co-interview guide for qualitative research . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1248247. Frontiers Media SA.
-
Hickman (2022). B33 Ways to make autism research more diverse and inclusive..Type: OtherCrossref
-
Sandra Thom-Jones *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). Advice for autistic people considering a career in academia . Autism, 27(7), 2187-2192. SAGE Publications.
-
Lydia Hickman (2022). Ways to make autism research more diverse and inclusive . Spectrum. Simons Foundation.OpenAlex
-
Daniel Glenn (2022). Neuroqueer Heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity Paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities . World Futures, 78(5), 339-341. Informa UK Limited.OpenAlex
-
Sinclair (1993). Don’t Mourn for Us. Our Voice, 1(3), 1.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Singer (2016). NeuroDiversity: The Birth of an Idea . NeuroDiversity: The birth of an idea..Type: OtherCrossref
-
(2021). B49 New shocking data highlights the autism employment gap..Type: OtherCrossref
-
Amy S. Walker (2021). Neuroqueer Heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity Paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities . Neuroqueer Heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity Paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities..Type: OtherCrossref