L’autisme et le « problème de la double empathie »

Titre original en anglais : Autism and the ‘double empathy problem’

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». deux auteur·ices de cette publication sont identifié·es comme autistes dans le projet.

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Milton, D., Waldock, K. E., & Keates, N. (2023). Autism and the ‘double empathy problem’. In Conversations on Empathy (pp. 78-97). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003189978-6

Date de publication: 04/01/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Chapitre de livre Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 3 (66,7 %)
  1. Damian Milton *
  2. Krysia Emily Waldock *
  3. Nathan Keates

Résumé

S’appuyant à la fois sur l’expérience personnelle d’être autiste et d’être parent d’un enfant autiste, ainsi que sur la théorie et des recherches interdisciplinaires pertinentes, ce chapitre explore quelques questions, en soutenant qu’une telle manière de concevoir l’autisme et l’empathie est profondément problématique. Les définitions de l’empathie renvoient à un éventail d’états cognitifs et subjectifs, souvent, comme l’indique Baron-Cohen, divisés entre empathie « cognitive » et « affective ». Contrairement à la psychopathie et au narcissisme, qui sont souvent caractérisés comme résultant de déficits d’empathie affective, l’autisme a été associé à un déficit d’empathie cognitive. Milton suggère que les relations de pouvoir qui peuvent se former entre les personnes autistes et les psych-professionnels, qui peuvent considérer leurs « patients » comme manquant de socialisation, d’empathie, de compétence morale, et même de pleine humanité, peuvent produire des formes d’invalidation psycho-émotionnelle, limitant non seulement ce que les personnes peuvent faire, mais aussi ce qu’elles peuvent être et devenir.

Drawing upon both personal experience of being autistic and a parent to an autistic child, as well as theory and relevant interdisciplinary research, this chapter explores few questions, arguing that such a way of framing autism and empathy is deeply problematic. Definitions of empathy relate to a breadth of cognitive and subjective states, often as Baron-Cohen indicates, split into ‘cognitive’ and ‘affective’ empathy. In contrast to psychopathy and narcissism, which are often characterised as resulting from deficits in affective empathy, autism have been linked to a deficit in cognitive empathy. Milton suggests that the power relationships that can form between autistic people and psych-professionals who may see their ‘patients’ as lacking in socialisation, empathy, moral competency, and even full humanity can produce forms of psycho-emotional disablement, constraining not only what people can do but also what they can be and become.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 01:35.

Références citées
89
Avec un DOI
83
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
0
24 / 89 (27,0 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
1 / 89 (1,1 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
88 / 89 (98,9 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
1
Sans titre structuré
0
Sans identifiant stable
0
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
257
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
257
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
135 / 257 (52,5 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 122 / 257 (47,5 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
33 / 257 (12,8 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 33 / 135 (24,4 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 21 / 207 (10,1 %).
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