L’autisme et le « problème de la double empathie »
Titre original en anglais : Autism and the ‘double empathy problem’
Milton, D., Waldock, K. E., & Keates, N. (2023). Autism and the ‘double empathy problem’. In Conversations on Empathy (pp. 78-97). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003189978-6
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Auteurs
Résumé
S’appuyant à la fois sur l’expérience personnelle d’être autiste et d’être parent d’un enfant autiste, ainsi que sur la théorie et des recherches interdisciplinaires pertinentes, ce chapitre explore quelques questions, en soutenant qu’une telle manière de concevoir l’autisme et l’empathie est profondément problématique. Les définitions de l’empathie renvoient à un éventail d’états cognitifs et subjectifs, souvent, comme l’indique Baron-Cohen, divisés entre empathie « cognitive » et « affective ». Contrairement à la psychopathie et au narcissisme, qui sont souvent caractérisés comme résultant de déficits d’empathie affective, l’autisme a été associé à un déficit d’empathie cognitive. Milton suggère que les relations de pouvoir qui peuvent se former entre les personnes autistes et les psych-professionnels, qui peuvent considérer leurs « patients » comme manquant de socialisation, d’empathie, de compétence morale, et même de pleine humanité, peuvent produire des formes d’invalidation psycho-émotionnelle, limitant non seulement ce que les personnes peuvent faire, mais aussi ce qu’elles peuvent être et devenir.
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