L'autisme comme forme de vie : Wittgenstein et la cohérence psychologique de l'autisme

Titre original en anglais : Autism as a Form of Life: Wittgenstein and the Psychological Coherence of Autism

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Chapman, R. (2019). Autism as a Form of Life: Wittgenstein and the Psychological Coherence of Autism. Metaphilosophy, 50(4), 421-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12366

Date de publication: 01/07/2019 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
1
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 1 (100,0 %)
  1. Robert Chapman *

Résumé

Résumé L'autisme est souvent considéré comme un type spécifique d'esprit. L'approche neuro-cognitiviste dominante l'explique par des traits statiques de traitement de l'information, formulés en termes d'hyper-systématisation et d'hypo-empathie. En revanche, des commentateurs inspirés par Wittgenstein soutiennent que la cohérence de l'autisme apparaît de manière relationnelle, à partir d'une perturbation intersubjective qui entrave l'accès à un monde partagé de signification linguistique. Cet article soutient que les deux camps sont indûment réductionnistes et entrent en conflit avec les données émergentes, en partie parce qu'ils supposent sans justification un cadrage de l'autisme fondé sur le déficit. Il développe ensuite une nouvelle conception wittgensteinienne, l'autisme comme une forme de vie différente, qui évite ces problèmes. Plutôt que la systématisation autistique soit le fondement de la cognition autistique, elle est considérée comme une réaction aux anxiétés pré-épistémiques et sémantiques qui accompagnent le développement en tant que minorité au sein d'une forme de vie différente. Ce recadrage peut fournir une explication cohérente de l'esprit autistique et a des implications conceptuelles, pratiques et éthiques importantes.

Abstract Autism is often taken to be a specific kind of mind. The dominant neuro‐cognitivist approach explains this via static processing traits framed in terms of hyper‐systemising and hypo‐empathising. By contrast, Wittgenstein‐inspired commentators argue that the coherence of autism arises relationally, from intersubjective disruption that hinders access to a shared world of linguistic meaning. This paper argues that both camps are unduly reductionistic and conflict with emerging evidence, due in part to unjustifiably assuming a deficit‐based framing of autism. It then develops a new Wittgensteinian account—autism as a different form of life—which avoids these issues. Rather than autistic systemising being the basis of autistic cognition, it is taken to be a reaction to pre‐epistemic and semantic anxieties that come with developing as a minority within a different form of life. This re‐framing can provide a coherent account of the autistic mind, and has significant conceptual, practical, and ethical implications.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
62
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
4 / 62 (6,5 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
4 / 93 (4,3 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 4 / 14 (28,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 4 / 80 (5,0 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
14 / 93 (15,1 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 10 / 80 (12,5 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
10 / 14 (71,4 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 10 / 93 (10,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 6 / 10 (60,0 %).
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