Améliorer l’identification de l’autisme et le soutien aux personnes assignées de sexe féminin à la naissance : suggestions cliniques et priorités de recherche

Titre original en anglais : Improving autism identification and support for individuals assigned female at birth: clinical suggestions and research priorities

Sources de métadonnées utilisées pour cette référence

OpenAlex Crossref PubMed
En savoir plus sur les sources utilisées

Lai, M. C., Amestoy, A., Bishop, S., Brown, H. M., Giwa Onaiwu, M., Halladay, A., Harrop, C., Hotez, E., Huerta, M., Kelly, A., Miller, D., Nordahl, C. W., Ratto, A. B., Saulnier, C. A., Siper, P. M., Sohl, K., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Goldman, S. (2023). Improving autism identification and support for individuals assigned female at birth: clinical suggestions and research priorities. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 7(12), 897-908. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00221-3

Date de publication: 14/11/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source OpenAlex Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
18
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 18 (11,1 %)
  1. Meng-Chuan Lai
  2. Anouck Amestoy
  3. Somer Bishop
  4. Heather M. Brown *
  5. Morénike Giwa Onaiwu *
  6. Alycia Halladay
  1. Clare Harrop
  2. Emily Hotez
  3. Marisela Huerta
  4. Amy Kelly
  5. Dylan Miller
  6. Christine Wu Nordahl
  1. Allison B. Ratto
  2. Celine A. Saulnier
  3. Paige M. Siper
  4. Kristin Sohl
  5. Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
  6. Sylvie Goldman

Résumé

Des données émergentes suggèrent que la prévalence plus élevée de l’autisme chez les personnes assignées de sexe masculin plutôt que féminin à la naissance résulte à la fois de facteurs biologiques et de biais d’identification. Les personnes autistes assignées de sexe féminin à la naissance (AFAB) et les personnes de genres divers connaissent des disparités de santé et des inégalités cliniques, notamment un diagnostic tardif ou manqué et un soutien insuffisant. Dans ce point de vue, un panel international de cliniciens, de scientifiques et de membres de la communauté ayant une expérience vécue de l’autisme a examiné les difficultés liées à l’identification de l’autisme chez les personnes AFAB et a proposé des orientations cliniques et de recherche afin de promouvoir la santé, le développement et le bien-être des personnes autistes AFAB. Les difficultés de reconnaissance découlent de l’interaction entre les différences cognitives et les présentations nuancées ou différentes de l’autisme chez certaines personnes AFAB ; les biais liés aux attentes, au genre et à l’autisme chez les cliniciens ; et les déterminants sociaux. Nous recommandons que le développement professionnel des cliniciens soit soutenu par les systèmes de soins de santé, les sociétés professionnelles et les organismes de gouvernance afin d’améliorer l’accès équitable à l’évaluation et l’identification plus précoce de l’autisme chez les personnes AFAB. Les personnes autistes AFAB devraient bénéficier d’un soutien adapté dans l’éducation, le développement identitaire, les soins de santé et le sentiment d’appartenance sociale et professionnelle.

Emerging evidence suggests that the higher prevalence of autism in individuals who are assigned male than assigned female at birth results from both biological factors and identification biases. Autistic individuals who are assigned female at birth (AFAB) and those who are gender diverse experience health disparities and clinical inequity, including late or missed diagnosis and inadequate support. In this Viewpoint, an international panel of clinicians, scientists, and community members with lived experiences of autism reviewed the challenges in identifying autism in individuals who are AFAB and proposed clinical and research directions to promote the health, development, and wellbeing of autistic AFAB individuals. The recognition challenges stem from the interplay between cognitive differences and nuanced or different presentations of autism in some AFAB individuals; expectancy, gender-related, and autism-related biases held by clinicians; and social determinants. We recommend that professional development for clinicians be supported by health-care systems, professional societies, and governing bodies to improve equitable access to assessment and earlier identification of autism in AFAB individuals. Autistic AFAB individuals should receive tailored support in education, identity development, health care, and social and professional sense of belonging.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
100
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
9 / 100 (9,0 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
13 / 687 (1,9 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 13 / 258 (5,0 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 10 / 570 (1,8 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
258 / 687 (37,6 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 169 / 570 (29,6 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
245 / 258 (95,0 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 245 / 687 (35,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 159 / 169 (94,1 %).
  1. Mitzi M. Waltz (2015). Mothers and Autism: The Evolution of a Discourse of Blame . AMA Journal of Ethics, 17(4), 353-358. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/journalofethics.2015.17.4.mhst1-1504 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W235035220
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. Michael Lombardo , Veronica Mandelli (2022). Rethinking Our Concepts and Assumptions About Autism . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 903489-903489. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903489 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281742754
    Crossref OpenAlex
  3. Daniel S. Messinger , Gregory S. Young , Sara Jane Webb , Sally Ozonoff , Susan E. Bryson , Alice Carter et al. (2015). Early sex differences are not autism-specific: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study . Molecular Autism, 6(1), 32. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0027-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1534086060
    Crossref OpenAlex
  5. Nicole L. Kreiser , Susan W. White (2014). ASD in Females: Are We Overstating the Gender Difference in Diagnosis? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17(1), 67-84. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10567-013-0148-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2014169114
    Crossref OpenAlex
  7. Thomas Frazier , Stelios Georgiades , Somer Bishop , Antonio Y. Hardan (2014). Behavioral and Cognitive Characteristics of Females and Males With Autism in the Simons Simplex Collection . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(3), 329-340.e3. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2049713670
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. Simon M. Bury , Rachel Jellett , Jennifer R. Spoor , Darren Hedley (2023). “It Defines Who I Am” or “It’s Something I Have”: What Language Do [Autistic] Australian Adults [on the Autism Spectrum] Prefer? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 677-687. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04425-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3007056653
    Crossref OpenAlex
  9. Meng-Chuan Lai , Michael Lombardo , Bonnie Auyeung , Bhismadev Chakrabarti , Simon Baron-Cohen (2015). Sex/Gender Differences and Autism: Setting the Scene for Future Research . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(1), 11-24. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2069328123
    Crossref OpenAlex
  10. Gail A. Alvares , Keely Bebbington , Dominique Cleary , Kiah Evans , Emma J Glasson , Murray T. Maybery et al. (2020). The misnomer of ‘high functioning autism’: Intelligence is an imprecise predictor of functional abilities at diagnosis . Autism, 24(1), 221-232. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319852831 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2950856395
    Crossref OpenAlex
  11. Rachel M. Hiller , Robyn L. Young , Nathan Weber (2014). Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder based on DSM-5 Criteria: Evidence from Clinician and Teacher Reporting . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(8), 1381-1393. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9881-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2077948545
    Crossref OpenAlex
  12. Sven Bölte , Janina Neufeld , Peter B. Marschik , Zachary J. Williams * , Louise Gallagher , Meng-Chuan Lai (2023). Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions . Nature Reviews Neurology, 19(3), 136-159. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00774-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4319334505
    Crossref OpenAlex
  13. Péter Szatmári , Stelios Georgiades , Eric Duku , Teresa A. Bennett , Susan Bryson , Éric Fombonne et al. (2015). Developmental Trajectories of Symptom Severity and Adaptive Functioning in an Inception Cohort of Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder . JAMA Psychiatry, 72(3), 276. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2463 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2120646369
    Crossref OpenAlex
  14. Rachel Loomes , Laura Hull , Will Mandy (2017). What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466-474. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2604697269
    Crossref OpenAlex
  15. Tatja Hirvikoski , Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz , Marcus Boman , Henrik Larsson , Paul Lichtenstein , Sven Bölte (2016). Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder . British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 232-238. Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160192 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2168424072
    Crossref OpenAlex
  16. Lonnie Zwaigenbaum , Susan E. Bryson , Jessica Brian , Isabel M. Smith , Wendy Roberts , Péter Szatmári et al. (2016). Stability of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder between 18 and 36 months in a high‐risk cohort . Autism Research, 9(7), 790-800. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1585 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2175187231
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Catherine A. Burrows , Rebecca L. Grzadzinski , Kevin Donovan , Isabella C. Stallworthy , Joshua Rutsohn , Tanya St. John et al. (2022). A Data-Driven Approach in an Unbiased Sample Reveals Equivalent Sex Ratio of Autism Spectrum Disorder–Associated Impairment in Early Childhood . Biological Psychiatry, 92(8), 654-662. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.027 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281651821
    Crossref OpenAlex
  18. Julie Lounds Taylor , Natalie A Henninger , Marsha R Mailick (2015). Longitudinal patterns of employment and postsecondary education for adults with autism and average-range IQ . Autism, 19(7), 785-793. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361315585643 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2184206567
    Crossref OpenAlex
  19. Kelly Mo , Tara Sadoway , Sarah Bonato , Stephanie H. Ameis , Evdokia Anagnostou , Jason P. Lerch et al. (2021). Sex/gender differences in the human autistic brains: A systematic review of 20 years of neuroimaging research . NeuroImage: Clinical, 32, 102811. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102811 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3196831566
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. Felicity Sedgewick , Vivian Hill , Rhiannon Yates , Leanne Pickering , Elizabeth Pellicano (2016). Gender Differences in the Social Motivation and Friendship Experiences of Autistic and Non-autistic Adolescents . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1297-1306. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2669-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2199714476
    Crossref OpenAlex
  21. Christine Wu Nordahl , Ana-Maria Iosif , Gregory S. Young , Alexa Hechtman , Brianna Heath , Joshua K. Lee et al. (2020). High Psychopathology Subgroup in Young Children With Autism: Associations With Biological Sex and Amygdala Volume . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(12), 1353-1363.e2. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.022 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3001356551
    Crossref OpenAlex
  22. Marion Rutherford , Karen McKenzie , Tess Johnson , Ciara Catchpole , Anne O’Hare , Iain McClure et al. (2016). Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 20(5), 628-634. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361315617879 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2296343167
    Crossref OpenAlex
  23. Anila M. D'Mello , Isabelle R. Frosch , Cindy E. Li , Annie L. Cardinaux , John D.E. Gabrieli (2022). Exclusion of females in autism research: Empirical evidence for a “leaky” recruitment‐to‐research pipeline . Autism Research, 15(10), 1929-1940. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2795 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4292601991
    Crossref OpenAlex
  25. Aimilia Kallitsounaki , David M. Williams (2023). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(8), 3103-3117. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281255505
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. Vanessa Vogan , Johanna Lake , Ami Tint , Jonathan A. Weiss , Yona Lunsky (2017). Tracking health care service use and the experiences of adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability: A longitudinal study of service rates, barriers and satisfaction . Disability and Health Journal, 10(2), 264-270. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.11.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2551789181
    Crossref OpenAlex
  27. Susan Young , Kelly Cocallis (2023). A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Neurodiversity and Psychosexual Functioning in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) . Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Volume 19, 1379-1395. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s319980 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4379231737
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. Michelle Dean , Robin Harwood , Connie Kasari (2017). The art of camouflage: Gender differences in the social behaviors of girls and boys with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 21(6), 678-689. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361316671845 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2559694411
    Crossref OpenAlex
  30. Jorieke Duvekot , Jan van der Ende , Frank C Verhulst , Geerte Slappendel , Emma van Daalen , Athanasios Maras et al. (2017). Factors influencing the probability of a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in girls versus boys . Autism, 21(6), 646-658. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361316672178 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2560811518
    Crossref OpenAlex
  31. Lori‐Ann R. Sacrey , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum , Péter Szatmári , Susan Bryson , Stelios Georgiades , Jessica Brian et al. (2017). Brief Report: Characteristics of preschool children with ASD vary by ascertainment . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(5), 1542-1550. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3062-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2589995816
    Crossref OpenAlex
  32. Tamara May , Katrina Williams (2018). Brief Report: Gender and Age of Diagnosis Time Trends in Children with Autism Using Australian Medicare Data . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(12), 4056-4062. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3609-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2802736512
    Crossref OpenAlex
  33. Rebecca Sutherland , Antoinette Hodge , Susan Bruck , Debra Costley , Helen Klieve (2017). Parent-reported differences between school-aged girls and boys on the autism spectrum . Autism, 21(6), 785-794. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361316668653 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2595384309
    Crossref OpenAlex
  34. Carolyn E. B. McCormick , Brian C. Kavanaugh , Danielle Sipsock , Giulia Righi , Lindsay M. Oberman , Daniel Moreno De Luca et al. (2020). Autism Heterogeneity in a Densely Sampled U.S. Population: Results From the First 1,000 Participants in the RI‐CART Study . Autism Research, 13(3), 474-488. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2261 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3001242986
    Crossref OpenAlex
  35. Yunhe Huang , Samuel R. C. Arnold , Kitty‐Rose Foley , Lauren P. Lawson , Amanda L. Richdale , Julian N Trollor (2021). Factors associated with age at autism diagnosis in a community sample of Australian adults . Autism Research, 14(12), 2677-2687. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2610 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3199221538
    Crossref OpenAlex
  36. Marilena Mademtzi , Pavita Singh , Fred Shic , Kathy Koenig (2018). Challenges of Females with Autism: A Parental Perspective . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 1301-1310. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3341-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2760832309
    Crossref OpenAlex
  37. Brian C. Kavanaugh , Christine A. Schremp , Richard N. Jones , Carrie R. Best , Stephen J. Sheinkopf , Eric M. Morrow (2023). Moderators of Age of Diagnosis in > 20,000 Females with Autism in Two Large US Studies . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 864-869. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05026-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3159502777
    Crossref OpenAlex
  39. Laura Fusar-Poli , Natascia Brondino , Pierluigi Politi , Eugenio Aguglia (2022). Missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of adults with autism spectrum disorder . European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 272(2), 187-198. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01189-w OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3083547431
    Crossref OpenAlex
  40. Rachel Grove , Rosa A. Hoekstra , Marlies Wierda , Sander Begeer (2018). Special interests and subjective wellbeing in autistic adults . Autism Research, 11(5), 766-775. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1931 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2789112474
    Crossref OpenAlex
  41. Ginny Russell , Sal Stapley , Tamsin Newlove‐Delgado , Andrew Salmon , Rhianna White , Fiona Warren et al. (2022). Time trends in autism diagnosis over 20 years: a UK population‐based cohort study . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(6), 674-682. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13505 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3193769374
    Crossref OpenAlex
  42. Valerie Paradiz , Susan Kelso , Andrew Nelson , Alexander Earl (2018). Essential Self-Advocacy and Transition . Pediatrics, 141(Supplement_4), S373-S377. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-4300p OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2795785032
    Crossref OpenAlex
  43. Emmanuel Bonney , Catherine Abbo , Collin Ogara , Michele E. Villalobos , Jed T. Elison (2022). Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda . Autism Research, 15(1), 183-191. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2645 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3217778300
    Crossref OpenAlex
  44. Will Mandy , Elizabeth Pellicano , Beaté St Pourcain , David Skuse , Jon Heron (2018). The development of autistic social traits across childhood and adolescence in males and females . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(11), 1143-1151. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12913 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2800125913
    Crossref OpenAlex
  45. Fabienne Cazalis , Elisabeth Reyes , Séverine Leduc , David Gourion (2022). Evidence That Nine Autistic Women Out of Ten Have Been Victims of Sexual Violence . Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 16, 852203-852203. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.852203 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4225009262
    Crossref OpenAlex
  46. Vasiliki Kentrou , Danielle MJ de Veld , Kawita JK Mataw , Sander Begeer (2019). Delayed autism spectrum disorder recognition in children and adolescents previously diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Autism, 23(4), 1065-1072. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318785171 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2893641655
    Crossref OpenAlex
  47. Caroline Kelly , Shivani Sharma , Anna-Theresa Jieman , Shulamit Ramon (2024). Sense-making narratives of autistic women diagnosed in adulthood: a systematic review of the qualitative research . Disability & Society, 39(3), 663-695. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2076582 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4280616533
    Crossref OpenAlex
  48. T. C. McFayden , J. Albright , A. E. Muskett , Angela Scarpa (2019). Brief Report: Sex Differences in ASD Diagnosis—A Brief Report on Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behaviors . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(4), 1693-1699. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3838-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2903207607
    Crossref OpenAlex
  49. Meng-Chuan Lai , Caroline Kassee , Richard Besney , Sarah Bonato , Laura Hull , Will Mandy et al. (2019). Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis . The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 819-829. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30289-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2936336589
    Crossref OpenAlex
  50. Julie Lounds Taylor , Leann Smith DaWalt , Alison R Marvin , J Kiely Law , Paul Lipkin (2019). Sex differences in employment and supports for adults with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 23(7), 1711-1719. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319827417 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2912022328
    Crossref OpenAlex
  51. Victoria Milner , Hollie McIntosh , Emma Colvert , Francesca Happé (2019). A Qualitative Exploration of the Female Experience of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(6), 2389-2402. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-03906-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2917614824
    Crossref OpenAlex
  52. Vasiliki Kentrou , Milou Oostervink , Anke Scheeren , Sander Begeer (2021). Stability of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses in autistic men and women . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 82, 101736. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101736 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3126928910
    Crossref OpenAlex
  53. Renée M. Green , Alyssa M. Travers , Yamini Howe , Christopher J. McDougle (2019). Women and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnosis and Implications for Treatment of Adolescents and Adults . Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(4), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1006-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2920830522
    Crossref OpenAlex
  54. Michael Davidovitch , Sivan Gazit , Tal Patalon , Yael Leitner , Ran S. Rotem (2023). Late diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder—Journey, parents' concerns, and sex influences . Autism Research, 16(2), 294-301. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2869 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4311021225
    Crossref OpenAlex
  55. Nikita Jadav , Vanessa Bal (2022). Associations between co‐occurring conditions and age of autism diagnosis: Implications for mental health training and adult autism research . Autism Research, 15(11), 2112-2125. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2808 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4293325530
    Crossref OpenAlex
  57. María Lucía Morán , Laura E. Gómez , María Ángeles Alcedo , Ignacio Pedrosa (2019). Gender Differences in Social Inclusion of Youth with Autism and Intellectual Disability . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(7), 2980-2989. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04030-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2943793123
    Crossref OpenAlex
  58. Julien Dubreucq , Romain Coutelle , Mohamed Lajnef , Ophélia Godin , Anouck Amestoy , Paola Atzori et al. (2023). Gender differences in psychosocial function and self-reported health status in late-diagnosed autistic adults: results from the FACE-ASD national cohort . Psychological Medicine, 53(12), 5674-5684. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002902 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4298086501
    Crossref OpenAlex
  59. Caroline Kassee , Stephanie Babinski , Ami Tint , Yona Lunsky , Hilary K. Brown , Stephanie H. Ameis et al. (2020). Physical health of autistic girls and women: a scoping review . Molecular Autism, 11(1), 84-84. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00380-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3094995723
    Crossref OpenAlex
  60. Arghavan Salles , Michael Awad , Laurel Goldin , Kelsey Krus , Jin Vivian Lee , Maria T. Schwabe et al. (2019). Estimating Implicit and Explicit Gender Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Surgeons . JAMA Network Open, 2(7), e196545. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6545 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2954323606
    Crossref OpenAlex
  61. Tslil Simantov , Alexa Pohl , Alexandros Tsompanidis , Elizabeth M Weir , Michael Lombardo , Amber Ruigrok et al. (2022). Medical symptoms and conditions in autistic women . Autism, 26(2), 373-388. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211022091 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3174812215
    Crossref OpenAlex
  62. Maria Trent , Danielle G. Dooley , Jacqueline Dougé , SECTION ON ADOLESCENT HEALTH , COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS , COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE et al. (2019). The Impact of Racism on Child and Adolescent Health . Pediatrics, 144(2). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1765 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2965936938
    Crossref OpenAlex
  63. Ferrán Catalá-López , Brian Hutton , Matthew J. Page , Jane A. Driver , Manuel Ridao , Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo et al. (2022). Mortality in Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . JAMA Pediatrics, 176(4), e216401. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.6401 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4213056754
    Crossref OpenAlex
  64. Rosmary Ros‐Demarize , Catherine Bradley , Stephen M. Kanne , Zachary Warren , Andrea Boan , Clara Lajonchere et al. (2020). ASD symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers: An examination of sex differences . Autism Research, 13(1), 157-166. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2241 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2991050454
    Crossref OpenAlex
  65. Kairi Kõlves , Cecilie Fitzgerald , Merete Nordentoft , Stephen James Wood , Annette Erlangsen (2021). Assessment of Suicidal Behaviors Among Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Denmark . JAMA Network Open, 4(1), e2033565. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33565 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3119137758
    Crossref OpenAlex
  66. Clare Harrop , Desiree R. Jones , Noah J. Sasson , Shuting Zheng , Sallie W. Nowell , Julia Parish‐Morris (2020). Social and Object Attention Is Influenced by Biological Sex and Toy Gender‐Congruence in Children With and Without Autism . Autism Research, 13(5), 763-776. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2245 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2992404501
    Crossref OpenAlex
  67. Yunhe Huang , Samuel R. C. Arnold , Kitty‐Rose Foley , Julian N Trollor (2020). Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review . Autism, 24(6), 1311-1327. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320903128 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3008810253
    Crossref OpenAlex
  68. Meng-Chuan Lai , Evdokia Anagnostou , Max Wiznitzer , Carrie Allison , Simon Baron-Cohen (2020). Evidence-based support for autistic people across the lifespan: maximising potential, minimising barriers, and optimising the person–environment fit . The Lancet Neurology, 19(5), 434-451. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30034-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3009489683
    Crossref OpenAlex
  69. Aaron J. Kaat , Amy M. Shui , Sheila S. Ghods , Cristan A. Farmer , Amy N. Esler , Audrey Thurm et al. (2021). Sex differences in scores on standardized measures of autism symptoms: a multisite integrative data analysis . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(1), 97-106. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13242 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3016330668
    Crossref OpenAlex
  70. Andres Roman-Urrestarazu , Justin C Yang , Robin van Kessel , Varun Warrier , Guillaume Dumas , Hannah Jongsma et al. (2022). Autism incidence and spatial analysis in more than 7 million pupils in English schools: a retrospective, longitudinal, school registry study . The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 6(12), 857-868. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00247-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4307296948
    Crossref OpenAlex
  71. Alana Whitlock , Kate Fulton , Meng-Chuan Lai , Elizabeth Pellicano , Will Mandy (2020). Recognition of Girls on the Autism Spectrum by Primary School Educators: An Experimental Study . Autism Research, 13(8), 1358-1372. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2316 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3032154611
    Crossref OpenAlex
  72. Sarabeth Broder‐Fingert , Camilla Mateo , Katherine E. Zuckerman (2020). Structural Racism and Autism . Pediatrics, 146(3). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-015420 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3081058156
    Crossref OpenAlex
  73. Meredith L. Cola , Samantha Plate , Lisa Yankowitz , Victoria Petrulla , Leila Bateman , Casey J. Zampella et al. (2020). Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism . Molecular Autism, 11(1), 49. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3035044117
    Crossref OpenAlex
  74. Stavros Trakoshis , Pablo Martínez-Cañada , Federico Rocchi , Carola Canella , Wonsang You , Bhismadev Chakrabarti et al. (2020). Intrinsic excitation-inhibition imbalance affects medial prefrontal cortex differently in autistic men versus women . eLife, 9. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.7554/elife.55684 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3047079660
    Crossref OpenAlex
  75. Meng-Chuan Lai , Hsiang-Yuan Lin , Stephanie H. Ameis (2022). Towards equitable diagnoses for autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across sexes and genders . Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 35(2), 90-100. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000770 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4200265675
    Crossref OpenAlex
  76. Tyler C. McFayden , Orla Putnam , Rebecca Grzadzinski , Clare Harrop (2023). Sex Differences in the Developmental Trajectories of Autism Spectrum Disorder . Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 10(1), 80-91. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40474-023-00270-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4318203755
    Crossref OpenAlex
  77. Maire Claire Diemer , Emily D Gerstein , April Regester (2022). Autism presentation in female and Black populations: Examining the roles of identity, theory, and systemic inequalities . Autism, 26(8), 1931-1946. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221113501 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4288084417
    Crossref OpenAlex
  78. Christina G. McDonnell , Elizabeth A. DeLucia , Elizabeth P. Hayden , Melanie Penner , Kristina Curcin , Evdokia Anagnostou et al. (2021). Sex Differences in Age of Diagnosis and First Concern among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 50(5), 645-655. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1823850 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3095487841
    Crossref OpenAlex
  79. Henry Wood‐Downie , Bonnie Wong , Hanna Kovshoff , Samuele Cortese , Julie A. Hadwin (2021). Research Review: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sex/gender differences in social interaction and communication in autistic and nonautistic children and adolescents . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(8), 922-936. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13337 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3095775465
    Crossref OpenAlex
  81. Eya‐Mist Rødgaard , Kristian Jensen , Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak , Laurent Mottron (2021). Autism comorbidities show elevated female‐to‐male odds ratios and are associated with the age of first autism diagnosis . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 144(5), 475-486. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/acps.13345 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3179391009
    Crossref OpenAlex
  82. Chia Hung Tang , Mei Hung Chi , Yi Ting Hsieh , Tzu I Lee , Ying Chun Tai , Yueh-Ju Lien et al. (2022). Sex differences in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and effects of comorbid mental retardation and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder . Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 121(1), 210-217. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.03.009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3139579833
    Crossref OpenAlex
  83. Annabeth P Groenman , Carolien Torenvliet , Tulsi A Radhoe , Joost A Agelink van Rentergem , Hilde M. Geurts (2022). Menstruation and menopause in autistic adults: Periods of importance? Autism, 26(6), 1563-1572. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211059721 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3166746716
    Crossref OpenAlex
  84. Jamie White , Cara Tannenbaum , Ineke Klinge , Londa Schiebinger , Janine Clayton (2021). The Integration of Sex and Gender Considerations Into Biomedical Research: Lessons From International Funding Agencies . The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(10), 3034-3048. The Endocrine Society.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab434 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3169534850
    Crossref OpenAlex
  85. Jordan Wickstrom , Cristan Farmer , LeeAnne Green Snyder , Andrew R. Mitz , Stephan J. Sanders , Somer Bishop et al. (2021). Patterns of delay in early gross motor and expressive language milestone attainment in probands with genetic conditions versus idiopathic ASD from SFARI registries . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(11), 1297-1307. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13492 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3192023801
    Crossref OpenAlex
  86. Julia Cook , Laura Hull , Laura Crane , Will Mandy (2021). Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review . Clinical Psychology Review, 89, 102080. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102080 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3198172085
    Crossref OpenAlex
  87. Wei Ai , William A. Cunningham , Meng-Chuan Lai (2022). Reconsidering autistic ‘camouflaging’ as transactional impression management . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(8), 631-645. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.05.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281707972
    Crossref OpenAlex
  88. Julie Cumin , Sandra Pelaez , Laurent Mottron (2022). Positive and differential diagnosis of autism in verbal women of typical intelligence: A Delphi study . Autism, 26(5), 1153-1164. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211042719 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3199578945
    Crossref OpenAlex
  89. Einat Waizbard-Bartov , Emilio Ferrer , Brianna Heath , Sally J. Rogers , Christine Wu Nordahl , Marjorie Solomon et al. (2022). Identifying autism symptom severity trajectories across childhood . Autism Research, 15(4), 687-701. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2674 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4210715469
    Crossref OpenAlex
  90. Nitzan Gabbay-Dizdar , Michal Ilan , Gal Meiri , Michal Faroy , Analya Michaelovski , Hagit Flusser et al. (2022). Early diagnosis of autism in the community is associated with marked improvement in social symptoms within 1–2 years . Autism, 26(6), 1353-1363. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211049011 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3202228182
    Crossref OpenAlex
  91. Joanna M. Tsirgiotis , Robyn L. Young , Nathan Weber (2022). A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Diagnostician Sex/Gender-Bias and Challenges in Assessing Females for Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(10), 4474-4489. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05300-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3207537586
    Crossref OpenAlex
  92. Damon Centola , Douglas Guilbeault , Urmimala Sarkar , Elaine Khoong , Jingwen Zhang (2021). The reduction of race and gender bias in clinical treatment recommendations using clinician peer networks in an experimental setting . Nature Communications, 12(1), 6585-6585. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26905-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3213100366
    Crossref OpenAlex
  93. Eya-Mist Rødgaard , Kristian Jensen , Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak , Laurent Mottron (2021). Childhood diagnoses in individuals identified as autistics in adulthood . Molecular Autism, 12(1), 73-73. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00478-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4200087230
    Crossref OpenAlex
  95. Elizabeth O’Nions , Irene Petersen , Joshua E.J. Buckman , Rebecca A. Charlton , Claudia Cooper , Anne Corbett et al. (2023). Autism in England: assessing underdiagnosis in a population-based cohort study of prospectively collected primary care data . The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 29, 100626. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100626 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4362579857
    Crossref OpenAlex
  96. Somer Bishop , Catherine Lord (2023). Commentary: Best practices and processes for assessment of autism spectrum disorder – the intended role of standardized diagnostic instruments . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(5), 834-838. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13802 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4362506987
    Crossref OpenAlex
  97. Éric Fombonne (2023). Editorial: Is autism overdiagnosed? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(5), 711-714. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13806 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4365457544
    Crossref OpenAlex
  98. Riley Buijsman , Sander Begeer , Anke Scheeren (2023). ‘Autistic person’ or ‘person with autism’? Person-first language preference in Dutch adults with autism and parents . Autism, 27(3), 788-795. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221117914 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4291165536
    Crossref OpenAlex
  99. Audrey Thurm , Siddharth Srivastava (2022). On Terms: What's in a Name? Intellectual Disability and “Condition,” “Disorder,” “Syndrome,” “Disease,” and “Disability” . American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 127(5), 349-354. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.349 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4293125055
    Crossref OpenAlex
  100. Kinga Ferenc , Mateusz Płatos , Katarzyna Byrka , Magdalena Ewa Król (2023). Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults . Autism, 27(5), 1348-1361. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221135818 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4308957609
    Crossref OpenAlex