L'attention sociale et aux objets est influencée par le sexe biologique et la congruence de genre des jouets chez des enfants avec et sans autisme

Titre original en anglais : Social and Object Attention Is Influenced by Biological Sex and Toy Gender‐Congruence in Children With and Without Autism

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Harrop, C., Jones, D., Sasson, N., Zheng, S., Nowell, S. W., & Parish-Morris, J. (2019). Social and Object Attention Is Influenced by Biological Sex and Toy Gender‐Congruence in Children With and Without Autism. Autism Research, 13(5), 763-776. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2245

Date de publication: 04/12/2019 Ajout dans AutiHub: 23/10/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 6 (16,7 %)
  1. Clare Harrop
  2. Desiree Jones *
  3. Noah Sasson
  1. Shuting Zheng
  2. Sallie W. Nowell
  3. Julia Parish-Morris

Résumé

Des recherches émergentes suggèrent que l'attention sociale chez les filles présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) est accrue par rapport aux garçons présentant un TSA, mais qu'elle peut également être affectée par le type de contenu social et non social présenté. Cette étude a examiné comment le sexe biologique et les normes de genre interagissent pour influencer l'attention visuelle chez 79 enfants d'âge scolaire observant des scènes comprenant des jouets associés au genre et des acteurs des deux sexes. L'attention portée aux stimuli d'activité sociale (visages) et aux objets (mains avec des jouets) a été mesurée. Des distinctions précédemment décrites entre l'attention sociale chez les garçons et les filles présentant un TSA ont été reproduites, les filles présentant un TSA regardant davantage les visages que les garçons présentant un TSA. Indépendamment du diagnostic, les garçons et les filles portaient davantage attention aux acteurs du même sexe qu'eux et aux jouets dont les associations de genre correspondaient à leur propre sexe, ce qui suggère que la saillance sociale et celle des objets augmentent chez les enfants dans des conditions concordantes avec le sexe. Fait important, les enfants présentant un TSA et les enfants au développement typique (DT) ont accru leur regard vers les visages lorsque des acteurs masculins étaient montrés jouant avec des jouets associés au sexe féminin, ce qui suggère que les deux groupes d'enfants sont sensibles aux messages sociétaux concernant l'acceptabilité du fait que des garçons jouent avec des jouets associés au sexe féminin. Nos résultats apportent des preuves supplémentaires d'une attention accrue aux visages chez les filles présentant un TSA par rapport aux garçons présentant un TSA, et indiquent que l'attention sociale chez les enfants présentant un TSA et les enfants DT est influencée par qui (acteur masculin ou féminin) et quoi (jouet associé au sexe masculin ou féminin) est observé. Collectivement, ces résultats présentent un profil nuancé de l'attention dans le TSA qui s'ajoute à un ensemble croissant de recherches indiquant des différences phénotypiques subtiles chez les filles présentant un TSA, susceptibles d'avoir une incidence sur l'identification, l'évaluation et l'intervention. Autism Res 2020, 13: 763-776.. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Résumé vulgarisé Les différences entre les sexes observées dans le développement typique peuvent également être présentes chez les personnes autistes. Dans cette étude, nous avons développé un paradigme d'oculométrie comprenant des vidéos de garçons et de filles jouant avec des jouets qui variaient selon leurs associations de genre. L'attention portée aux visages différait entre les enfants autistes et non autistes, mais était également influencée par le sexe de l'acteur et l'association de genre des jouets. Les filles autistes ont présenté de subtiles différences d'attention qui les distinguaient des garçons autistes et qui peuvent influencer l'orientation, le diagnostic et l'intervention.

Emerging research suggests social attention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) girls is enhanced relative to ASD boys but may also be affected by the type of social and nonsocial content presented. This study examined how biological sex and gender norms interact to influence visual attention in 79 school‐aged children observing scenes that included gender‐associated toys and actors of both sexes. Attention to social (faces) and object activity (hands with toys) stimuli was measured. Previously described distinctions between social attention in ASD boys and girls were replicated, with ASD girls looking more at faces than ASD boys. Irrespective of diagnosis, males and females attended more to actors that shared their same sex, and attended more to toys with gender‐associations that were consistent with their own sex, suggesting that social and object salience increases for children under sex‐consistent conditions. Importantly, ASD and typically developing (TD) children increased their gaze to faces when male actors were shown playing with female‐associated toys, suggesting that both groups of children are sensitive to societal messages about the acceptability of males playing with female‐associated toys. Our findings provide further evidence of heightened attention to faces in ASD girls relative to ASD boys, and indicate that social attention in ASD and TD children is influenced by who (male or female actor) and what (male‐ or female‐associated toy) is being observed. Collectively, these results present a nuanced profile of attention in ASD that adds to a growing body of research indicating subtle phenotypic differences in ASD girls that may impact identification, assessment, and intervention. Autism Res 2020, 13: 763–776.. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Sex differences observed in typical development may also be present in individuals with autism. In this study, we developed an eye‐tracking paradigm featuring videos of boys and girls playing with toys that varied in their gender associations. Attention to faces differed between autistic and non‐autistic children but was also influenced by the sex of the actor and gender‐association of toys. Autistic females demonstrated subtle attention differences that distinguished them from autistic males and may influence referral, diagnosis, and intervention.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 27/10/2026 01:01.

Références citées
74
Avec un DOI
66
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
8
4 / 74 (5,4 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
2 / 74 (2,7 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
72 / 74 (97,3 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
2
Sans titre structuré
2
Sans identifiant stable
8
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
2
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
405
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
405
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
2
146 / 405 (36,0 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 259 / 405 (64,0 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
4 / 405 (1,0 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 4 / 146 (2,7 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 1 / 313 (0,3 %).
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