« Une façon d’être moi » : réflexions autobiographiques d’adultes autistes diagnostiqués au milieu ou à la fin de l’âge adulte

Titre original en anglais : ‘A way to be me’: Autobiographical reflections of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood

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Lilley, R., Lawson, W., Hall, G., Mahony, J., Clapham, H., Heyworth, M., Arnold, S. R. C., Trollor, J. N., Yudell, M., & Pellicano, E. (2021). ‘A way to be me’: Autobiographical reflections of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood. Autism, 26(6), 1395-1408. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211050694

Date de publication: 22/10/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
10
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
4 / 10 (40,0 %)
  1. Rozanna Lilley
  2. Wenn Lawson *
  3. Gabrielle Hall *
  4. Joanne Mahony
  5. Hayley Clapham *
  1. Melanie Heyworth *
  2. Samuel R. C. Arnold
  3. Julian N Trollor
  4. Michael Yudell
  5. Elizabeth Pellicano

Résumé

Dans cet article, nous présentons une étude d’histoire orale documentant la vie d’adultes autistes en Australie. Cette étude qualitative, coproduite avec des chercheurs autistes, apporte un éclairage sur les expériences vécues d’adultes autistes diagnostiqués au milieu ou à la fin de l’âge adulte. La méthodologie de l’histoire orale a été utilisée pour comprendre les expériences d’adultes autistes ayant grandi à une époque où l’autisme était peu connu. Les 26 personnes interrogées sont nées avant 1975 et ont reçu un diagnostic clinique d’autisme après l’âge de 35 ans. Tous les entretiens ont été menés par des chercheurs autistes, transcrits et analysés thématiquement par une équipe de chercheurs autistes et non autistes au moyen du processus en six étapes décrit par Braun et Clarke. Nous avons identifié quatre thèmes relatifs aux perceptions de soi : être différent, explorer l’identité, le soi souffrant et être Autiste. Certaines personnes interrogées ont rapporté une relation directe entre le traumatisme, des conceptions négatives de soi et la souffrance. Pour la plupart, le diagnostic formel a eu des effets positifs sur le sentiment de soi, contribuant à une plus grande attention portée aux forces. Contrairement aux recherches suggérant des altérations autistes de la conscience de soi, ces personnes interrogées ont démontré une profonde capacité d’autoréflexion, mettant en évidence la variabilité des vies autistes et les contextes sociohistoriques qui façonnent les biographies individuelles, y compris les expériences de stigmatisation et de discrimination ainsi que le potentiel émancipateur de l’identification comme autiste. Résumé non technique En utilisant des méthodes d’histoire orale, nous avons interrogé et enregistré 26 adultes autistes en Australie au sujet de leur histoire de vie. Nous voulions mieux comprendre les autoréflexions des personnes interrogées sur leur vie. Les intervieweurs étaient des chercheurs autistes et les entretiens ont été analysés par des chercheurs autistes et non autistes. Tous les adultes que nous avons interrogés sont nés avant 1975 et ont été formellement identifiés comme autistes après l’âge de 35 ans. Ce groupe de personnes est parfois désigné comme les « adultes autistes diagnostiqués tardivement ». En général, peu de recherches sont menées sur les adultes autistes, et on en sait encore moins sur les personnes diagnostiquées tard dans leur vie. Dans cet article, nous examinons ce que ces adultes ont dit de leur sentiment de soi et de la manière dont celui-ci a changé au fil du temps. Ces adultes autistes nous ont parlé de nombreuses expériences négatives, y compris des traumatismes, qui ont façonné leur manière de penser à eux-mêmes. Pour la plupart, le diagnostic d’autisme a eu une incidence très positive sur leur sentiment de soi, leur permettant de mieux comprendre leur propre passé et de se sentir bien par rapport à leur identité autiste. Auparavant, certains chercheurs ont affirmé que les personnes autistes avaient un sentiment de soi limité ou altéré. Au contraire, nos résultats montrent que certaines personnes autistes peuvent en réalité réfléchir profondément à leur vie et à l’évolution de leur sentiment d’identité de soi au fil du temps.

In this article, we report on an oral history study documenting the lives of autistic adults in Australia. This qualitative study, co-produced with autistic researchers, offers insight into the lived experiences of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood. Oral history methodology was utilised to understand the experiences of autistic adults who grew up in an era before autism was well-known. The 26 interviewees were born before 1975, receiving a clinical autism diagnosis after age 35 years. All interviews were conducted by autistic researchers, transcribed and thematically analysed by a team of autistic and non-autistic researchers using the six-step process outlined by Braun and Clarke. We identified four themes relating to perceptions of the self: being different, exploring identity, the suffering self and being Autistic. Some interviewees reported a direct relationship between trauma, negative self-conceptions and suffering. For most, formal diagnosis had positive impacts on sense of self, contributing to a greater focus on strengths. Contra research suggesting autistic impairments in self-awareness, these interviewees demonstrated a deep capacity for self-reflection, highlighting the variability of autistic lives and the socio-historical contexts that shape individual biographies, including experiences of stigma and discrimination as well as the empowering potential of identifying as autistic. Lay abstract Using oral history methods, we interviewed and recorded 26 autistic adults in Australia about their life history. We wanted to better understand interviewees’ self-reflections about their lives. The interviewers were autistic researchers and the interviews were analysed by autistic and non-autistic researchers. All of the adults we interviewed were born before 1975 and formally identified as autistic after age 35 years. This group of people is sometimes referred to as ‘late-diagnosed autistic adults’. In general, there is not much research done about autistic adults and even less is known about those diagnosed late in life. In this article, we explore what these adults said about their sense of self and how that changed over time. These autistic adults told us about many negative experiences, including trauma, which had shaped how they think about themselves. For most, autism diagnosis had a very positive impact on their sense of self, allowing them to understand more about their own past and to feel good about their autistic identity. Previously some researchers have said that autistic people have a limited or impaired sense of self. Instead, our results show some autistic people can actually reflect deeply on their lives and their changing sense of self-identity over time.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
117
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
22 / 117 (18,8 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
37 / 314 (11,8 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 37 / 151 (24,5 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 22 / 252 (8,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
151 / 314 (48,1 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 91 / 252 (36,1 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
114 / 151 (75,5 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 114 / 314 (36,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 69 / 91 (75,8 %).
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