Peut-il réellement exister des robots éthiques pour les enfants autistes ?

Titre original en anglais : Can there really be ethical robots for autistic children?

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

À propos de la mention auteur·ice autiste

Sources de métadonnées utilisées pour cette référence

OpenAlex Crossref BibTeX
En savoir plus sur les sources utilisées

Elmadagli, C. (2026). Can there really be ethical robots for autistic children? AI & SOCIETY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-03372-4

Date de publication: 26/09/2026 Ajout dans AutiHub: 28/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral Source OpenAlex

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
1
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 1 (100,0 %)
  1. Cansu Elmadagli *

Résumé

Résumé Avec l'avancement des technologies autonomes telles que les robots sociaux pilotés par l'IA, les discussions universitaires autour des normes éthiques se sont intensifiées au fil des années. Ces discussions ont entraîné une importance accrue accordée à des concepts tels que la sécurité, la confiance, la vie privée, la dignité humaine et le bien-être, ainsi qu'à une variété de cadres éthiques proposés par des chercheurs. Parallèlement à ces développements technologiques, les interventions thérapeutiques destinées aux enfants autistes et assistées par l'IA et les robots sociaux ont également suscité une attention accrue. Dans ce contexte, cet article examine de manière critique, du point de vue de l'éthique, six projets de robotique sociale financés dans le cadre de l'initiative Horizon 2020 de l'UE. L'objectif principal de ces projets achevés était de développer des technologies semi-autonomes pilotées par l'IA, telles que des robots humanoïdes et non humanoïdes, afin d'assister les interventions relatives à l'autisme. Afin de remédier aux insuffisances éthiques desdits projets, cet article mobilise des perspectives issues des études critiques du handicap, des études critiques de l'autisme et de la communauté autiste elle-même, notamment concernant l'incidence négative des interventions sur les personnes autistes en tant que groupe de neurominorité. Au-delà des insuffisances couramment abordées dans le domaine de l'IA et de la robotique sociale, l'article souligne que la plus grande insuffisance de ces projets est l'absence de réflexion critique sur l'acceptabilité éthique de l'application d'interventions comportementales neuronormatives à un groupe de neurominorité. En situant les interventions assistées par robot dans le contexte de la normalisation et du technoableisme, l'article met en évidence l'injustice épistémique et le préjudice qui peuvent potentiellement être infligés aux personnes autistes par de telles interventions assistées technologiquement. En définitive, l'article s'interroge sur la possibilité que des technologies d'assistance éthiques destinées aux personnes autistes puissent exister dans ces circonstances.

Abstract With the advancement of autonomous technologies such as AI-driven social robots, the academic discussions around ethical standards have intensified over the years. These discussions have resulted in increased emphasis on concepts such as safety, trust, privacy, human dignity and well-being along with variety of ethical frameworks proposed by scholars. In parallel with these technological developments, therapeutic interventions for autistic children assisted by AI and social robots have also attracted increased attention. Against this backdrop, this paper critically examines six social robotics projects funded under the EU’s Horizon 2020 initiative from an ethics perspective. The main aim of these completed projects was to develop AI-driven semi-autonomous technologies such as humanoid and non-humanoid robots to assist autism interventions. To address the ethical shortcomings of the said projects, this paper mobilizes perspectives from critical disability studies, critical autism studies and the autism community itself, particularly concerning the negative impact of interventions on autistic individuals as a neurominority group. Beyond the commonly addressed shortcomings in the field of AI and social robotics, the article highlights that the biggest shortcoming of these projects is the absence of critical reflection on the ethical acceptability of applying neuronormative behavioral interventions to a neurominority group. By situating robot-assisted interventions within the context of normalization and technoableism, the article points out the epistemic injustice and the harm that can be potentially enacted on autistic people through such technologically aided interventions. Ultimately, the paper questions whether ethical assistive technologies for autistic individuals can exist under these circumstances.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 11:55.

Références citées
141
Avec un DOI
110
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
31
26 / 141 (18,4 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
18 / 141 (12,8 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
129 / 141 (91,5 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
12
Sans titre structuré
18
Sans identifiant stable
31
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
12
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
428
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
428
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
16
142 / 428 (33,2 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 286 / 428 (66,8 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
39 / 428 (9,1 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 39 / 142 (27,5 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 27 / 353 (7,6 %).
  1. Jacquie D. Ripat , Roberta L. Woodgate (2011). Locating assistive technology within an emancipatory disability research framework . Technol Disabil, 23(2), 87. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3233/tad-2011-0315 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W215962091
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. Nahime G Aguirre Mtanous , Jamie Koenig , Melica Nikahd , Sarah E Effertz , Sal Silinonte , J Madison Hyer et al. (2026). Mental health outcomes associated with applied behavior analysis in a US national sample of privately insured autistic youth . Autism, 30(2), 484. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613251390604 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4416056695
    Crossref OpenAlex
  3. Monika Palmberger , Andre Gingrich (2014). Qualitative Comparative Practices: Dimensions, Cases and Strategies . Dans The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis (pp. 94-108). SAGE Publications, Inc..
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.4135/9781446282243.n7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W566035839
    Crossref OpenAlex
  4. Alyssa M. Alcorn , Eloise Ainger , Vicky Charisi , Stefania Mantinioti , Sunčica Petrović , Bob R. Schadenberg et al. (2019). Educators' Views on Using Humanoid Robots With Autistic Learners in Special Education Settings in England . Front Robot AI, 6, 107-107. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00107 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2981940320
    Crossref OpenAlex
  5. Ivan Leudar , Alan Costall (2009). Against Theory of Mind . Palgrave Macmillan UK.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1057/9780230234383 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1586897799
    Crossref OpenAlex
  6. Ben Almassi (2018). Epistemic Injustice and Its Amelioration . Soc Philos Today, 34, 95. Philosophy Documentation Center.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.5840/socphiltoday201862154 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2809153667
    Crossref OpenAlex
  7. Sue Fletcher-Watson , Fiona McConnell , Eirini Manola , Helen McConachie (2014). Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(2), CD008785. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008785.pub2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1837731691
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. Morgan G. Ames (2019). The charisma machine: the life, death, and legacy of one laptop per child . The MIT Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10868.001.0001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4249082761
    Crossref OpenAlex
  9. Selma Šabanović (2010). Robots in Society, Society in Robots . International Journal of Social Robotics, 2(4), 439-450. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12369-010-0066-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1908150177
    Crossref OpenAlex
  11. Ulf Jönsson , Nora Choque Olsson , Sven Bölte (2016). Can findings from randomized controlled trials of social skills training in autism spectrum disorder be generalized? The neglected dimension of external validity . Autism, 20(3), 295. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361315583817 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1915712406
    Crossref OpenAlex
  12. Thomas Arnold , Matthias Scheutz (2017). The Tactile Ethics of Soft Robotics: Designing Wisely for Human–Robot Interaction . Soft Rob, 4(2), 81. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/soro.2017.0032 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2615100319
    Crossref OpenAlex
  14. ASAN (2021) For whose benefit? Evidence, ethics, and effectiveness of autism interventions. Autistic Self Advocacy Network. Date accessed: April 2026. https://autisticadvocacy.org/policy/briefs/intervention-ethics
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  15. Scott Frickel (2014). Absences: Methodological Note about Nothing, in Particular . Soc Epistemol, 28(1), 86. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2013.862881 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1972296922
    Crossref OpenAlex
  16. Christoph Bartneck , Tony Belpaeme , Friederike Eyssel , Takayuki Kanda , Merel Keijsers , Selma Šabanović (2024). Human-robot interaction: an introduction . Cambridge University Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1017/9781009424202 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4399655589
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Daisy Loyd (2013). Obtaining consent from young people with autism to participate in research . Br J Learn Disabil, 41(2), 133. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2012.00734.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1975593099
    Crossref OpenAlex
  18. Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon , Erica Monteferrante , Marie-Christine Roy , Vincent Couture (2023). Artificial intelligence ethics has a black box problem . AI Soc, 38(4), 1507. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s00146-021-01380-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4206760316
    Crossref OpenAlex
  19. G. Graffigna , A.C. Bosio , K. Olson (2010). How do ethics assessments frame results of comparative qualitative research? A theory of technique approach . International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 13(4), 341-355. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13645570903209076 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1991525427
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. R Benjamin (2019). Captivating technology: race, carceral technoscience, and liberatory imagination in everyday life . Duke University Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1215/9781478004493 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4249680851
    Crossref OpenAlex
  21. Dana Samson , Ian A. Apperly (2010). There is more to mind reading than having theory of mind concepts: new directions in theory of mind research . Infant and Child Development, 19(5), 443-454. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/icd.678 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2013759593
    Crossref OpenAlex
  22. Erik Billing , Tony Belpaeme , Haibin Cai , Hoang-Long Cao , Anamaria Ciocan , Cristina Costescu et al. (2020). The DREAM Dataset: Supporting a data-driven study of autism spectrum disorder and robot enhanced therapy . PLoS ONE, 15(8), e0236939. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236939 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3081098783
    Crossref OpenAlex
  23. Imelda Coyne (2010). Research with Children and Young People: The Issue of Parental (Proxy) Consent . Child Soc, 24(3), 227. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1099-0860.2009.00216.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2015588841
    Crossref OpenAlex
  24. Júlia Pareto Boada , Begoña Román Maestre , Carme Torras Genís (2021). The ethical issues of social assistive robotics: A critical literature review . Technol Soc, 67, 101726. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101726 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3197328310
    Crossref OpenAlex
  25. Mark Coeckelbergh , Cristina Pop , Ramona Simut , Andreea Peca , Sebastian Pintea , Daniel David et al. (2016). A Survey of Expectations About the Role of Robots in Robot-Assisted Therapy for Children with ASD: Ethical Acceptability, Trust, Sociability, Appearance, and Attachment . Sci Eng Ethics, 22(1), 47. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11948-015-9649-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2054832392
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. Kristen Bottema-Beutel (2023). We must improve the low standards underlying “evidence-based practice”, Autism . Autism, 27(2), 269. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221146441 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4313423845
    Crossref OpenAlex
  27. Daniela S. Cruzes , Tore Dybå , Per Runeson , Martin Höst (2015). Case studies synthesis: a thematic, cross-case, and narrative synthesis worked example . Empir Softw Eng, 20(6), 1634. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10664-014-9326-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2061180122
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Micheal Sandbank , Tiffany G. Woynaroski (2021). Adverse event reporting in intervention research for young autistic children . Autism, 25(2), 322. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320965331 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3093300669
    Crossref OpenAlex
  29. James W. Tanaka , Andrew Sung (2016). The “Eye Avoidance” Hypothesis of Autism Face Processing . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(5), 1538-1552. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1976-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2073851185
    Crossref OpenAlex
  31. Anita Ho (2011). Trusting experts and epistemic humility in disability . International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, 4(2), 102-123. University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3138/ijfab.4.2.102 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2087877852
    Crossref OpenAlex
  32. Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Haerin Park , So Yoon Kim (2018). Commentary on Social Skills Training Curricula for Individuals with ASD: Social Interaction, Authenticity, and Stigma . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(3), 953-964. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3400-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2769443102
    Crossref OpenAlex
  33. Jasmine Lee O'Neill * (1998). Family and Personal Section . Autism, 2(2), 199. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361398022007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2147520234
    Crossref OpenAlex
  34. Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Micheal Sandbank , Tiffany G. Woynaroski (2023). Overview of Issues in Autism Intervention Research: Research Design and Reporting . Perspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups, 8(6), 1238. American Speech Language Hearing Association.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1044/2023_persp-23-00104 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4387409722
    Crossref OpenAlex
  36. Martim Brandao (2021). Normative roboticists: the visions and values of technical robotics papers . 2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 671-677. IEEE.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515504 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3193433226
    Crossref OpenAlex
  37. David Mitchell (2015). The biopolitics of disability: neoliberalism, ablenationalism, and peripheral embodiment . University of Michigan Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.3998/mpub.7331366 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2341500856
    Crossref OpenAlex
  38. Virginia Braun , Victoria Clarke (2022). Thematic Analysis . Dans Thematic analysis: a practical guide (pp. 1-7). Springer International Publishing.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_3470-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4320081749
    Crossref OpenAlex
  39. Andreea Peca , Mark Coeckelbergh , Ramona Simut , Cristina Costescu , Sebastian Pintea , Daniel David et al. (2016). Robot Enhanced Therapy for Children with Autism Disorders: Measuring Ethical Acceptability . IEEE Technol Soc Mag, 35(2), 54. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1109/mts.2016.2554701 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2412540141
    Crossref OpenAlex
  40. AA Broderick (2022). The autism industrial complex: how branding, marketing, and capital investment turned autism into big business . The autism industrial complex: how branding, marketing, and capital investment turned autism into big business.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  41. Karen A. Hegtvedt (2014). Ethics and Experiments . Dans Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences (pp. 23-51). Elsevier.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404681-8.00002-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2499646869
    Crossref OpenAlex
  43. Fabien Ringeval , Erik Marchi , Charline Grossard , Jean Xavier , Mohamed Chetouani , David Cohen et al. (2016). Automatic Analysis of Typical and Atypical Encoding of Spontaneous Emotion in the Voice of Children . Interspeech 2016, 1210-1214. ISCA.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.21437/interspeech.2016-766 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2513404240
    Crossref OpenAlex
  44. Sarah Cassidy , Louise Bradley , Rebecca Shaw , Simon Baron-Cohen (2018). Risk markers for suicidality in autistic adults . Molecular Autism, 9(1), 42. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0226-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2887488849
    Crossref OpenAlex
  46. Sarah Cassidy , K. Gould , Ellen Townsend , Mirabel Pelton , Ashley Robertson , Jacqui Rodgers (2020). Is Camouflaging Autistic Traits Associated with Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours? Expanding the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide in an Undergraduate Student Sample . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(10), 3638-3648. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04323-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2993272702
    Crossref OpenAlex
  47. Noah Sasson , Daniel J. Faso , Jack Nugent , Sarah Lovell , Daniel P. Kennedy , Ruth B. Grossman (2017). Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments . Scientific Reports, 7(1), 40700. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/srep40700 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2585989266
    Crossref OpenAlex
  49. Patrick Kirkham (2017). ‘The line between intervention and abuse’ – autism and applied behaviour analysis . Hist Hum Sci, 30(2), 107. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0952695117702571 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2607044722
    Crossref OpenAlex
  51. Katta Spiel , Laura Malinverni , Judith Good , Christopher Frauenberger (2017). Participatory Evaluation with Autistic Children . Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 5755-5766. ACM.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1145/3025453.3025851 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2610948945
    Crossref OpenAlex
  53. Laura Hull , K.V. Petrides , Carrie T. Allison , P. Smith , Simon Baron-Cohen , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2017). “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(8), 2519-2534. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3166-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2616560149
    Crossref OpenAlex
  54. Tom N. Coggins , Steffen Steinert (2023). The seven troubles with norm-compliant robots . Ethics Inf Technol, 25(2), 29. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09701-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4367053183
    Crossref OpenAlex
  55. Ognjen Rudovic , Jaeryoung Lee , Lea Mascarell-Maricic , Björn W. Schuller , Rosalind W. Picard (2017). Measuring Engagement in Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy: A Cross-Cultural Study . Front Robot AI, 4, 36. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2017.00036 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2736309598
    Crossref OpenAlex
  56. D Conti (2019). Conti D et al (2019) Affect recognition in autism: a single case study on integrating a humanoid robot in a standard therapy. QWERTY Interdiscip J Technol Cult Educ 14(2):66–87 QWERTY Interdiscip J Technol Cult Educ, 14(2), 66.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  57. M. Remi Yergeau * , Bryce Huebner (2017). Minding Theory of Mind . Journal of Social Philosophy, 48(3), 273-296. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/josp.12191 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2753615013
    Crossref OpenAlex
  58. Daniela Conti , Grazia Trubia , Serafino Buono , Santo Di Nuovo , Alessandro Di Nuovo (2021). An empirical study on integrating a small humanoid robot to support the therapy of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability . Interact Stud, 22(2), 177. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1075/is.21011.con OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4214681390
    Crossref OpenAlex
  59. Dominic A. Trevisan , Nicole Roberts , Cathy Lin , Elina Birmingham (2017). How do adults and teens with self-declared Autism Spectrum Disorder experience eye contact? A qualitative analysis of first-hand accounts . PLOS ONE, 12(11), e0188446. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188446 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2769098086
    Crossref OpenAlex
  60. Sasha Costanza-Chock (2020). Design Justice . The MIT Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/12255.001.0001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4252148582
    Crossref OpenAlex
  61. CA Costescu (2016). Costescu CA, Vanderborght B, David DO (2016) Beliefs, emotions, and behaviors—differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. A robot-enhanced task. J Evid Based Psychother 16(2):221 J Evid Based Psychother, 16(2), 221.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  63. Kathleen Richardson , Mark Coeckelbergh , Kutoma Wakunuma , Erik Billing , Tom Ziemke , Pablo Gomez et al. (2018). Robot Enhanced Therapy for Children with Autism (DREAM): A Social Model of Autism . IEEE Technol Soc Mag, 37(1), 30. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1109/mts.2018.2795096 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2789318008
    Crossref OpenAlex
  64. Brandi Lawless , Yea-Wen Chen (2019). Developing a method of critical thematic analysis for qualitative communication inquiry . Howard J. Commun., 30(1), 92. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2018.1439423 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2793020174
    Crossref OpenAlex
  65. T Cumming (2020). Cumming T, Strnadová I, Danker J, Basckin C (2020) I was taught that my being was inherently wrong: is applied behavioural analysis a socially valid practice. Int J Arts Hum Soc Sci Stud 5(12):72–82 Int J Arts Hum Soc Sci Stud, 5(12), 72.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  66. Elisabeta Marinoiu , Mihai Zanfir , Vlad Olaru , Cristian Sminchisescu (2018). 3D Human Sensing, Action and Emotion Recognition in Robot Assisted Therapy of Children with Autism . 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2158-2167. IEEE.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1109/cvpr.2018.00230 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2798569594
    Crossref OpenAlex
  67. Daniel David , Paul Baxter , Tony Belpaeme , Erik Billing , Haibin Cai , Hoang-Long Cao et al. (2025). Efficacy and effectiveness of robot-assisted therapy for autism spectrum disorder: From lab to reality . Sci Robot, 10(109), eadl2266-eadl2266. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adl2266 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W7117159574
    Crossref OpenAlex
  68. Joseph A. Stramondo (2019). The Distinction Between Curative and Assistive Technology . Sci Eng Ethics, 25(4), 1125. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11948-018-0058-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2802760699
    Crossref OpenAlex
  69. Devandas-Aguilar C, United Nations Human Rights Council (2020) Rights of persons with disabilities: report of the special rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities. Human Rights Council
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  71. Cansu Elmadagli * , Jennifer Renoux (2026). Theory of Whose Mind? Exposing the Shortcomings of One of HRI’s Core Concepts . Proceedings of the 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 1369-1377. ACM.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1145/3757279.3788818 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W7134820605
    Crossref OpenAlex
  72. European Parliamentary Research Service (2024) People with autism. Date accessed June 2026. https://what-europe-does-for-me.europarl.europa.eu/en/social/C11
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  73. Aileen Herlinda Sandoval-Norton , Gary Shkedy , Dalia Shkedy (2019). How much compliance is too much compliance: Is long-term ABA therapy abuse? Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1641258. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2957402865
    Crossref OpenAlex
  74. M Foucault (1977). Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison . Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  75. Katta Spiel , Christopher Frauenberger , Os Keyes , Geraldine Fitzpatrick (2019). Agency of Autistic Children in Technology Research—A Critical Literature Review . ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 26(6), 1-40. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1145/3344919 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2988620880
    Crossref OpenAlex
  76. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Margaret Cassidy , Kacie Dunham-Carr , Jacob I Feldman et al. (2020). Project AIM: Autism intervention meta-analysis for studies of young children. Psychol Bull, 146(1), 1. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/bul0000215 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2990306783
    Crossref OpenAlex
  78. Gaile SC, Lincoln YS (2015) Deploying qualitative methods for critical social purposes. In: Critical qualitative inquiry, 1st edn
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  79. Abolfazl Zaraki , Mehdi Khamassi , Luke J. Wood , Gabriella Lakatos , Costas Tzafestas , Farshid Amirabdollahian et al. (2020). A Novel Reinforcement-Based Paradigm for Children to Teach the Humanoid Kaspar Robot . Int J Soc Robot, 12(3), 709. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12369-019-00607-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2990817379
    Crossref OpenAlex
  80. Kathrin Gerling , Kay Kender , Katta Spiel , Saskia Van der Oord , Dieter Baeyens , Arno Depoortere et al. (2022). Reflections on Ableism in Participatory Technology Design . Lirias. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V..
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.18420/muc2022-mci-ws02-224 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W6962868086
    Crossref OpenAlex
  81. Sandra Graf‐Kurtulus , Omar C. G. Gelo (2025). Rethinking psychological interventions in autism: Toward a neurodiversity‐affirming approach . Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 25(1), e12874. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/capr.12874 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4405810656
    Crossref OpenAlex
  82. Neil McBride (2020). Robot Enhanced Therapy for Autistic Children: An Ethical Analysis . IEEE Technol Soc Mag, 39(1), 51. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1109/mts.2020.2967493 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3011131157
    Crossref OpenAlex
  83. AP Graham (2013). Ethical research involving children . Ethical research involving children.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  85. C Gray (2011). Researching young children’s perspectives . Researching young children’s perspectives, 26.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  86. Anon Ymous , Katta Spiel , Os Keyes , Rua M. Williams * , Judith Good , Eva Hornecker et al. (2020). "I am just terrified of my future" — Epistemic Violence in Disability Related Technology Research . Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-16. ACM.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1145/3334480.3381828 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3030028481
    Crossref OpenAlex
  90. Karolina Zawieska (2020). Disengagement with ethics in robotics as a tacit form of dehumanisation . AI Soc, 35(4), 869. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s00146-020-01000-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3036846375
    Crossref OpenAlex
  91. Donna Haraway (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective . Feminist Stud, 14(3), 575. JSTOR.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/3178066 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3146083582
    Crossref OpenAlex
  93. Hundt A et al (2024) Love, joy, and autism robots: a metareview and provocatype. arXiv:2403. 05098
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  94. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Tiffany G. Woynaroski (2021). Intervention Recommendations for Children With Autism in Light of a Changing Evidence Base . JAMA Pediatr, 175(4), 341. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4730 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3103964371
    Crossref OpenAlex
  95. Steven K. Kapp * (2019). Kapp S (2019) How social deficit models exacerbate the medical model: autism as case in point. Autism Policy Pract 2(1):3–28 Autism Policy Pract, 2(1), 3.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  96. Arne Maibaum , Andreas Bischof , Jannis Hergesell , Benjamin Lipp (2022). A critique of robotics in health care . AI Soc, 37(2), 467. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s00146-021-01206-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3153662883
    Crossref OpenAlex
  97. SK Kapp (2023). The Routledge international handbook of critical autism studies . The Routledge international handbook of critical autism studies.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  98. Kasari C (2019) How much behavioral therapy does an autistic child need? Spectrum Autism Research News. https://www.thetransmitter.org/spectrum/how-much-behavioral-therapy-does-an-autistic-child-need/
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  100. O Keyes (2020). Keyes O (2020) Automating autism: disability, discourse, and artificial intelligence. J Sociotech Crit 1(1):8 J Sociotech Crit, 1(1), 8.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  101. Eunjung Kim (2016). Curative violence: rehabilitating disability, gender, and sexuality in modern Korea . Duke University Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1215/9780822373513 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4244545321
    Crossref OpenAlex
  102. Nancy M P King , Larry R Churchill[ (2008). The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics . Dans The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics (pp. 514). Oxford University PressNew York, NY.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195168655.003.0049 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4388360322
    Crossref OpenAlex
  103. Bob R. Schadenberg , Dennis Reidsma , Dirk K. J. Heylen , Vanessa Evers (2021). User Requirements for Developing Robot-Assisted Interventions for Autistic Children . Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science (pp. 629-639). Springer International Publishing.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90525-5_55 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3208579254
    Crossref OpenAlex
  104. Rua M. Williams * (2021). I, Misfit . Tech Res Philos Technol, 25(3), 451-478. Philosophy Documentation Center.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.5840/techne20211019147 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3208852499
    AutiHub · Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme Crossref OpenAlex
  105. A Kohn (2018). Punished by rewards: the trouble with gold stars, incentive plans, A’s, praise, and other bribes . Punished by rewards: the trouble with gold stars, incentive plans, A’s, praise, and other bribes.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  106. Kohn A (2020) Autism and behaviorism: new research adds to an already compelling case against ABA. Date accessed: February 2025. https://www.alfiekohn.org/periodical/spotlight/autism/
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  107. Nicole Stuart , Andrew Whitehouse , Romina Palermo , Ellen Bothe , Nicholas Badcock (2023). Eye Gaze in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Neural Evidence for the Eye Avoidance Hypothesis . J Autism Dev Disord, 53(5), 1884. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05443-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4212864591
    Crossref OpenAlex
  108. Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Claire Klein , Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Sue Fletcher-Watson , Gauri Divan et al. (2025). Maximizing the Quality and Reporting Standards of Autism Intervention Science . Autism Res, 18(11), 2166. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.70126 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4415041377
    Crossref OpenAlex
  109. Mitzi Waltz (2013). Autism: a social and medical history . Palgrave Macmillan UK.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1057/9781137328533 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W51713593
    Crossref OpenAlex
  110. Iris Marion Young (1997). Intersecting Voices . Princeton University Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1515/9780691216355 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2081561318
    Crossref OpenAlex
  111. Simon Lindgren (2024). Critical Theory of AI . Critical Theory of AI.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  112. Gregor Wolbring (2019). 9. Disability Rights Approach toward Bioethics? Dans Beyond Bioethics (pp. 106-117). University of California Press.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1525/9780520961944-014 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4249810669
    Crossref OpenAlex
  113. Julia Yurkovic-Harding , Grace Lisandrelli , Rebecca C. Shaffer , Kelli C. Dominick , Ernest V. Pedapati , Craig A. Erickson et al. (2022). Children with ASD establish joint attention during free-flowing toy play without face looks . Curr Biol, 32(12), 2739. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.044 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4280621803
    Crossref OpenAlex
  114. Leni Van Goidsenhoven , Elisabeth De Schauwer (2022). Relational ethics, informed consent, and informed assent in participatory research with children with complex communication needs . Dev Med Child Neurol, 64(11), 1323. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15297 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281982768
    Crossref OpenAlex
  115. Beste Ozcan , valerio sperati , Flora Giocondo , Massimiliano Schembri , Gianluca Baldassarre (2022). Interactive soft toys to support social engagement through sensory-motor plays in early intervention of kids with special needs . Interaction Design and Children, 625-628. ACM.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1145/3501712.3535274 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4283446819
    Crossref OpenAlex
  116. Members' Research Service, Epthinktank (2018) People with autism [What Europe does for you]. Date accessed 2023. https://epthinktank.eu/2018/05/06/people-with-autism-what-europe-does-for-you/
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  117. Giacomo Vivanti (2022). What does it mean for an autism intervention to be evidence‐based? Autism Res, 15(10), 1787. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2792 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4294740925
    Crossref OpenAlex
  118. E Morozov (2013). To save everything, click here: technology, solutionism and the urge to fix problems that don’t exist . To save everything, click here: technology, solutionism and the urge to fix problems that don’t exist.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  119. Liesbeth Taels , Jasper Feyaerts , Marie Lizon , Melissa De Smet , Stijn Vanheule (2023). ‘I felt like my senses were under attack’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of experiences of hypersensitivity in autistic individuals . Autism, 27(8), 2269-2280. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613231158182 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4323294226
    Crossref OpenAlex
  121. Jesse de Pagter (2024). From EU Robotics and AI Governance to HRI Research: Implementing the Ethics Narrative . International Journal of Social Robotics, 16(6), 1281-1295. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12369-023-00982-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4323359466
    Crossref OpenAlex
  122. Rua M. Williams * , Louanne Boyd , Juan E. Gilbert (2023). Counterventions: a reparative reflection on interventionist HCI . Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-11. ACM.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3581480 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4366551374
    Crossref OpenAlex
  123. Themistoklis Pantazakos , Gert-Jan Vanaken (2023). Addressing the autism mental health crisis: the potential of phenomenology in neurodiversity-affirming clinical practices . Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1225152. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225152 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4386419062
    Crossref OpenAlex
  124. David Wendler (2008). The Assent Requirement in Pediatric Research . Dans The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics (pp. 661-669). Oxford University PressNew York, NY.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195168655.003.0061 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4388359774
    Crossref OpenAlex
  125. Pukki H et al (2022) Autistic perspectives on the future of clinical autism research, autism in adulthood. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., pp 93–101
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  126. Elaine Kit Ling Yeung , Ian A. Apperly , Rory T. Devine (2024). Measures of individual differences in adult theory of mind: A systematic review . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 157, 105481. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105481 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4389081268
    Crossref OpenAlex
  127. Naba Rizvi , William Wu , Mya Bolds , Raunak Mondal , Andrew Begel , Imani Munyaka (2024). Are Robots Ready to Deliver Autism Inclusion?: A Critical Review . Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-18. ACM.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1145/3613904.3642798 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4396833119
    Crossref OpenAlex
  128. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Ya-Cing Syu , Nicolette Caldwell , Jacob I Feldman , Tiffany G. Woynaroski (2024). Evidence-b(i)ased practice: Selective and inadequate reporting in early childhood autism intervention research . Autism, 28(8), 1889. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613241231624 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4391754743
    Crossref OpenAlex
  129. Oliver Shuey , Kereshmeh Afsari , Venus Azamnia , Casey Burning , Lyndon Frommer , Ashley Shew et al. (2025). Beyond Critique: Bringing the Humanities into Technology Research . 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS), 1-6. IEEE.
    Type: Autre DOI: 10.1109/ethics65148.2025.11098337 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4412933900
    Crossref OpenAlex
  130. Rua M. Williams * (2025). Disabling intelligences: legacies of eugenics and how we are wrong about AI . Springer Nature Switzerland.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-02665-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W7084087137
    Crossref OpenAlex
  131. A Shew (2023). Against technoableism: rethinking who needs improvement . Against technoableism: rethinking who needs improvement.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  132. Silvia Terrile , Loong Yi Lee , Jonathan Ives , Jonathan Rossiter (2025). Gentle Machines, Tough Questions: Ethics in Soft Robotics . IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 32(4), 68-76. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1109/mra.2025.3618084 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W7101385916
    Crossref OpenAlex
  133. Tom Williams (2025). Degrees of freedom: on robotics and social justice . The MIT Press.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/15301.001.0001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W7123480542
    Crossref OpenAlex
  134. L Thackray (2017). The Palgrave handbook of disabled children’s childhood studies . The Palgrave handbook of disabled children’s childhood studies, 299.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  135. J Thompson (2022). Thompson J (2022) A guide to abductive thematic analysis. Qual Rep 27(5):1410–1421 Qual Rep, 27(5), 1410.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  136. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 9 (2006) The rights of children with disabilities, CRC/C/GC/9, 27 February 2007, digitallibrary.un.org/record/593891
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  137. (s. d.). United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, December 13, 2006. Date accessed: August 2026. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-persons-disabilities
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  138. N Walker (2021). Neuroqueer heresies: notes on the neurodiversity paradigm, autistic empowerment, and postnormal possibilities . Neuroqueer heresies: notes on the neurodiversity paradigm, autistic empowerment, and postnormal possibilities.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  139. MR Yergeau (2018). Authoring autism: on rhetoric and neurological queerness . Authoring autism: on rhetoric and neurological queerness.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  140. RK Yin (2018). Case study research and applications: design and methods . Case study research and applications: design and methods.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  141. Yore LD, Rossman GB (2012) ‘Case-to-case Syntesis’, Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. SAGE
    Type: Autre
    Crossref