Thérapie éclairée par la neurodivergence

Titre original en anglais : Neurodivergence‐informed therapy

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Chapman, R. & Botha, M. (2022). Neurodivergence‐informed therapy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 65(3), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15384

Date de publication: 09/09/2022 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
2
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 2 (100,0 %)
  1. Robert Chapman *
  2. Monique Botha *

Résumé

Le mouvement de la neurodiversité est un mouvement social qui a émergé parmi les personnes autistes auto-représentantes. Il s'est depuis propagé et a été rejoint par de nombreuses personnes ayant reçu des diagnostics de trouble du déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité, de dyslexie et de trouble développemental de la coordination, entre autres. En reconceptualisant la neurodiversité comme faisant partie de la biodiversité, les défenseurs de la neurodiversité soulignent la nécessité de développer une société « écologique » qui soutienne la conservation des minorités neurologiques par la construction de niches écologiques, c'est-à-dire en faisant de la place pour tous. Cela constitue une alternative à la volonté d'éliminer la diversité par des tentatives visant à « traiter » ou à « guérir » la neurodivergence. Jusqu'à présent, la théorie de la neurodiversité n'a pas été formellement adaptée aux cadres psychothérapeutiques, et il n'appartient pas au thérapeute d'apporter des changements systémiques à l'organisation de la société. Néanmoins, il est possible de s'appuyer de manière fructueuse sur une perspective de neurodiversité pour les thérapeutes travaillant avec des personnes neurodivergentes dans des contextes cliniques. Ici, nous nous appuyons sur l'exemple de l'autisme et synthétisons trois thèmes clés afin de proposer le concept de thérapie éclairée par la neurodivergence. Premièrement, la reconceptualisation du dysfonctionnement comme étant relationnel plutôt qu'individuel. Deuxièmement, l'importance de l'acceptation et de la fierté liées à la neurodivergence, ainsi que de la communauté et de la culture du handicap, pour émanciper les personnes neurodivergentes de la neuro-normalité. Troisièmement, la nécessité pour les thérapeutes de cultiver une humilité épistémique relationnelle à l'égard des différentes expériences de neurodivergence et de mise en situation de handicap.

The neurodiversity movement is a social movement that emerged among autistic self-advocates. It has since spread and has been joined by many with diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, and developmental coordination disorder among others. By reconceptualizing neurodiversity as part of biodiversity, neurodiversity proponents emphasize the need to develop an 'ecological' society that supports the conservation of neurological minorities through the construction of ecological niches-that is, making space for all. This is an alternative to the drive to eliminate diversity through attempts to 'treat' or 'cure' neurodivergence. So far, neurodiversity theory has not been formally adapted for psychotherapeutic frameworks, and it is not the role of the therapist to make systemic changes to societal organization. Still, there is room for fruitfully drawing on a neurodiversity perspective for therapists working with neurodivergent people in clinical settings. Here, we draw on the example of autism and synthesize three key themes to propose the concept of neurodivergence-informed therapy. First, the reconceptualization of dysfunction as relational rather than individual. Second, the importance of neurodivergence acceptance and pride, and disability community and culture to emancipate neurodivergent people from neuro-normativity. Third, the need for therapists to cultivate a relational epistemic humility regarding different experiences of neurodivergence and disablement.

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Références citées
70
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
17 / 70 (24,3 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
19 / 146 (13,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 19 / 70 (27,1 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 10 / 130 (7,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
70 / 146 (47,9 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 57 / 130 (43,8 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
51 / 70 (72,9 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 51 / 146 (34,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 47 / 57 (82,5 %).
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