La solitude chez les adultes autistes : une revue systématique

Titre original en anglais : Loneliness in autistic adults: A systematic review

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Umagami, K., Remington, A., Lloyd-Evans, B., Davies, J., & Crane, L. (2022). Loneliness in autistic adults: A systematic review. Autism, 26(8), 2117-2135. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221077721

Publication date: 08/03/2022 Ajout dans AutiHub: 14/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Kana Umagami *
  2. Anna Remington
  3. Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
  4. Jade Davies
  5. Laura Crane

Résumé

Dans cette revue systématique, nous avons examiné des études quantitatives, qualitatives et à méthodes mixtes portant sur la solitude chez les adultes autistes. Au total, 1 460 articles ont été identifiés, dont 34 répondaient aux critères d'inclusion. Les résultats ont montré que : (1) les données qualitatives fournissant des descriptions de première main de la solitude par des adultes autistes sont rares ; (2) peu d'études empiriques ont utilisé des mesures fiables/valides de la solitude élaborées spécifiquement pour les adultes autistes, et une seule étude a élaboré et validé une mesure de la solitude chez des adultes autistes ; (3) la dimension collective de la solitude (c.-à-d. l'appartenance à la société) a été décrite par des adultes autistes, mais n'a pas été étudiée aussi fréquemment que les dimensions intime (c.-à-d. les relations amoureuses) ou relationnelle (c.-à-d. les relations avec les amis/la famille) de la solitude ; (4) les facteurs associés à une solitude accrue chez les adultes autistes comprennent les caractéristiques autistiques, l'anxiété, la dépression et les idées suicidaires, les expériences négatives et l'impuissance apprise, un manque de compréhension et d'acceptation de l'autisme, l'évitement sensoriel, le camouflage et le chômage ; et (5) les facteurs associés à une diminution de la solitude chez les adultes autistes comprennent le fait d'avoir des relations, la participation à des interventions portant sur les compétences sociales et/ou le fait de rencontrer moins de difficultés en matière de compétences sociales, des perceptions positives et l'acceptation de soi, le fait d'être de sexe féminin et le temps consacré à des activités (p. ex. les jeux en ligne). Des orientations pour les recherches futures sont examinées. Résumé grand public Récemment, les chercheurs se sont intéressés à la manière dont les personnes autistes vivent la solitude. Pourtant, la majeure partie de ces recherches s'est concentrée sur la solitude chez les enfants et les jeunes autistes. Nous présentons les résultats d'une revue systématique sur la solitude chez les adultes autistes. Une revue systématique est une méthode rigoureuse permettant de rechercher toutes les recherches existantes sur un sujet et de résumer les résultats relatifs à des questions précises. Nous avons recherché toutes les recherches publiées sur ce sujet jusqu'au 9 avril 2021. Nous avons trouvé 34 articles qui examinaient la solitude chez les adultes autistes. Ces recherches ont montré que : (1) il existe relativement peu de recherches ayant consisté à interroger directement des adultes autistes sur leurs expériences de première main de la solitude (p. ex. ce que la solitude leur fait ressentir) ; (2) peu d'études de recherche ont utilisé des questionnaires sur la solitude élaborés spécifiquement pour les adultes autistes (cela n'a été tenté que dans une seule étude de recherche) ; (3) la solitude collective (c.-à-d. la solitude associée au degré selon lequel une personne autiste a le sentiment de s'intégrer dans la société) semble importante pour les adultes autistes, mais n'a pas été étudiée aussi couramment que d'autres aspects de la solitude (p. ex. la solitude associée aux relations amoureuses ou aux amitiés) ; (4) les éléments susceptibles d'accroître la solitude chez les adultes autistes comprennent, par exemple, l'anxiété et la dépression, ainsi qu'un manque de compréhension et d'acceptation de l'autisme ; et (5) les éléments susceptibles de réduire la solitude chez les adultes autistes comprennent, par exemple, le fait d'avoir des relations et l'acceptation de soi. Dans notre article, nous examinons les types de recherches futures sur la solitude chez les adultes autistes qui pourraient être utiles.

In this systematic review, we examined quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies on loneliness in autistic adults. A total of 1460 articles were identified, and 34 of these met inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated that (1) there is a paucity of qualitative data providing first-hand descriptions of loneliness from autistic adults; (2) few empirical studies have used reliable/valid measures of loneliness developed specifically for autistic adults, and in just one study was a measure of loneliness developed for, and validated in, autistic adults; (3) the collective dimension of loneliness (i.e. belonging in society) has been described by autistic adults, yet has not been investigated as frequently as the intimate (i.e. romantic relationships) or relational (i.e. friend/family relationships) dimensions of loneliness; (4) the factors associated with increased loneliness in autistic adults include autistic characteristics, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation, negative experiences and learned helplessness, a lack of autism understanding and acceptance, sensory avoidance, camouflaging and unemployment; and (5) the factors associated with decreased loneliness in autistic adults include having relationships, participation in social skill interventions and/or experiencing fewer difficulties with social skills, positive views and acceptance of oneself, being female and time spent engaging in activities (e.g. online gaming). Directions for future research are considered. Lay abstract Recently, researchers have been interested in how autistic people experience loneliness. Yet, most of this research has focused on loneliness in autistic children and young people. We present the results of a systematic review on loneliness in autistic adults. A systematic review is a rigorous way of searching for all existing research on a topic and summarizing the findings about specific questions. We searched for all research published on this topic until 9 April 2021. We found 34 articles that investigated loneliness in autistic adults. This research showed that (1) there is fairly little research that has involved directly asking autistic adults about their first-hand experiences of loneliness (e.g. what loneliness feels like for them); (2) few research studies have used loneliness questionnaires specifically developed for autistic adults (this was attempted in just one research study); (3) collective loneliness (i.e. loneliness associated with how much an autistic person feels they ‘fit in’ to society) seems important to autistic adults but has not been investigated as commonly as other aspects of loneliness (e.g. loneliness associated with romantic relationships or friendships); (4) things that might increase loneliness in autistic adults include anxiety and depression, and a lack of autism understanding and acceptance, for example; and (5) things that might reduce loneliness in autistic adults include having relationships and self-acceptance, for example. In our article, we discuss the kinds of future research on loneliness in autistic adults that might be useful.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 20/09/2026 01:01.

Références citées
114
Avec un DOI
93
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
19
12 / 114 (10,5 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
11 / 114 (9,6 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
105 / 114 (92,1 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
9
Sans titre structuré
10
Sans identifiant stable
19
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
8
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
376
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
376
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
20
146 / 376 (38,8 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 230 / 376 (61,2 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
16 / 376 (4,3 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 16 / 146 (11,0 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 11 / 315 (3,5 %).
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