Neurodivergence‐informed therapy

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. two authors of this publication are identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Chapman, R. & Botha, M. (2022). Neurodivergence‐informed therapy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 65(3), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15384

Publication date: 9 Sep 2022 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
2
Publication authors identified as autistic
2 / 2 (100.0%)

Abstract

The neurodiversity movement is a social movement that emerged among autistic self-advocates. It has since spread and has been joined by many with diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, and developmental coordination disorder among others. By reconceptualizing neurodiversity as part of biodiversity, neurodiversity proponents emphasize the need to develop an 'ecological' society that supports the conservation of neurological minorities through the construction of ecological niches-that is, making space for all. This is an alternative to the drive to eliminate diversity through attempts to 'treat' or 'cure' neurodivergence. So far, neurodiversity theory has not been formally adapted for psychotherapeutic frameworks, and it is not the role of the therapist to make systemic changes to societal organization. Still, there is room for fruitfully drawing on a neurodiversity perspective for therapists working with neurodivergent people in clinical settings. Here, we draw on the example of autism and synthesize three key themes to propose the concept of neurodivergence-informed therapy. First, the reconceptualization of dysfunction as relational rather than individual. Second, the importance of neurodivergence acceptance and pride, and disability community and culture to emancipate neurodivergent people from neuro-normativity. Third, the need for therapists to cultivate a relational epistemic humility regarding different experiences of neurodivergence and disablement.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 11:54.

Cited references
70
With a DOI
55
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
15
19 / 70 (27.1%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 70 (1.4%)
References with detected author names
69 / 70 (98.6%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
14
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
146
From DOI or external metadata
146
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
76 / 146 (52.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 70 / 146 (47.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
21 / 146 (14.4%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 21 / 76 (27.6%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 11 / 129 (8.5%).
  1. Singer J. (1999). Disability discourse . Disability discourse, 59.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  2. Alan K. Malyon (1982). Psychotherapeutic Implications of Internalized Homophobia in Gay Men . Journal of Homosexuality, 7(2-3), 59-69. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Walker N. (2012). Loud hands: Autistic people, speaking . Loud hands: Autistic people, speaking, 225.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  4. Prado Silván-Ferrero , Patricia Recio , Fernando Molero , Encarnación Nouvilas-Pallejà (2020). Psychological Quality of Life in People with Physical Disability: The Effect of Internalized Stigma, Collective Action and Resilience . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1802. MDPI AG.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. John Parkinson (2014). Gender dysphoria in Asperger’s syndrome: a caution . Australasian Psychiatry, 22(1), 84-85. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Edmund Sonuga-Barke , Anita Thapar (2021). The neurodiversity concept: is it helpful for clinicians and scientists? The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(7), 559-561. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Tatja Hirvikoski , Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz , Marcus Boman , Henrik Larsson , Paul Lichtenstein , Sven Bölte (2016). Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder . British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 232-238. Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Jammie Price , Gregory M. Herek (1999). Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice against Lesbians, Gay Men and Bisexuals . Contemporary Sociology, 28(2), 172. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/2654854 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2006204430
    OpenAlex
  9. Christina Nicolaidis (2012). What Can Physicians Learn from the Neurodiversity Movement? AMA Journal of Ethics, 14(6), 503-510. American Medical Association (AMA).
    AutiHub · Documentation center Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Laura Mauldin (2012). Parents of deaf children with cochlear implants: a study of technology and community . Sociology of Health & Illness, 34(4), 529-543. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Laurent Mottron (2011). The power of autism . Nature, 479(7371), 33-35. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/479033a OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2007171341
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Armstrong T (2011). The Power of Neurodiversity: Unleashing the Advantages of Your Differently Wired Brain . The Power of Neurodiversity: Unleashing the Advantages of Your Differently Wired Brain.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  13. Malcolm Learmonth , Kathy Gibson (2010). Art psychotherapy, disability issues, mental health, trauma and resilience: ‘Things and people’ . International Journal of Art Therapy, 15(2), 53-64. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Ruth Glynne-Owen (2010). Early Intervention and Autism: The Impact of Positivism and the Call for Change . The International Journal of Children's Rights, 18(3), 405-416. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Singer, J. (2017). Neurodiversity: The Birth of an Idea . Neurodiversity: The birth of an idea.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  16. Simon Bury , Rachel Jellett , Jennifer R. Spoor , Darren Hedley (2023). “It Defines Who I Am” or “It’s Something I Have”: What Language Do [Autistic] Australian Adults [on the Autism Spectrum] Prefer? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 677-687. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Kate Cooper , Laura G. E. Smith , Ailsa Russell (2017). Social identity, self‐esteem, and mental health in autism . European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(7), 844-854. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Adam D. Galinsky , Cynthia S. Wang , Jennifer A. Whitson , Eric M. Anicich , Kurt Hugenberg , Galen V. Bodenhausen (2013). The Reappropriation of Stigmatizing Labels . Psychological Science, 24(10), 2020-2029. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Lorcan Kenny , Caroline Hattersley , Bonnie Molins , Carole Buckley , Carol Povey , Elizabeth Pellicano (2016). Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community . Autism, 20(4), 442-462. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Rachael Davis , Catherine J. Crompton (2021). What Do New Findings About Social Interaction in Autistic Adults Mean for Neurodevelopmental Research? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(3), 649-653. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. David M. Frost , Ilan H. Meyer (2012). Measuring Community Connectedness among Diverse Sexual Minority Populations . The Journal of Sex Research, 49(1), 36-49. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Uta Frith , Francesca Happé (1999). Theory of Mind and Self‐Consciousness: What Is It Like to Be Autistic? Mind & Language, 14(1), 82-89. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Jack Drescher (2015). Out of DSM: Depathologizing Homosexuality . Behavioral Sciences, 5(4), 565-575. MDPI AG.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. J O Renty , Herbert Roeyers (2006). Quality of life in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 10(5), 511-524. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Johnson ML (2012). The Unthinkable Though of Borderline Pride [Internet] . The Unthinkable Though of Borderline Pride [Internet].
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  26. Nikko S. Da Paz , Bryna Siegel , Michael A. Coccia , Elissa S. Epel (2018). Acceptance or Despair? Maternal Adjustment to Having a Child Diagnosed with Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(6), 1971-1981. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Meng-Chuan Lai , Caroline Kassee , Richard Besney , Sarah Bonato , Laura Hull , Will Mandy et al. (2019). Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 819. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Bonnie Evans (2013). How autism became autism . History of the Human Sciences, 26(3), 3-31. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Martijn Dekker *Autistic author. Learn more… (2020). From Exclusion to Acceptance: Independent Living on the Autistic Spectrum . In Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement (pp. 41-49). Springer Singapore.
    AutiHub · Autistic Autism Scholarship Project Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Robert Chapman *Autistic author. Learn more… (2019). Neurodiversity Theory and Its Discontents: Autism, Schizophrenia, and the Social Model of Disability . In The Bloomsbury Companion to Philosophy of Psychiatry (pp. 371-390). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
    AutiHub · Autistic Autism Scholarship Project Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Neurodiversity Blume H. (1998). The Atlantic [Internet] . The Atlantic [Internet].
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  32. Sarah Cassidy , Louise Bradley , Rebecca Shaw , Simon Baron-Cohen (2018). Risk markers for suicidality in autistic adults . Molecular Autism, 9(1), 42. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Derek Glidden , Walter Pierre Bouman , Bethany A. Jones , Jon Arcelus (2016). Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature . Sexual Medicine Reviews, 4(1), 3-14. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Aron Janssen , Howard Huang , Christina Duncan (2016). Gender Variance Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective Chart Review . Transgender Health, 1(1), 63-68. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Barnhart G (2017). Clinician Perspectives of Adult High-Functioning Autism Support Groups’ Use of Neurodiversity Concept . Journal of Neurology and Neurological Disorders, 3(1), 3. Annex Publishers, LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  36. Nancy Doyle (2020). Neurodiversity at work: a biopsychosocial model and the impact on working adults . British Medical Bulletin, 135(1), 108-125. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Robert Chapman *Autistic author. Learn more… (2021). Neurodiversity and the Social Ecology of Mental Functions . Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1360-1372. SAGE Publications.
    AutiHub · Autistic Autism Scholarship Project Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Ilan H. Meyer , Laura Dean *Autistic author. Learn more… (1998). Internalized Homophobia, Intimacy, and Sexual Behavior among Gay and Bisexual Men . In Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice against Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals (pp. 160-186). SAGE Publications, Inc..
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Harding SG (1986). The science question in feminism . The science question in feminism, 271.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  40. Ginny Russell (2020). Critiques of the Neurodiversity Movement . In Autistic community and the neurodiversity movement: stories from the frontline (pp. 287-303). Springer Singapore.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Petra Kuppers (2014). Discourses of Disability . In Studying Disability Arts and Culture (pp. 21-40). Macmillan Education UK.
    OpenAlex
  42. Varun Warrier , David M. Greenberg , Elizabeth Weir , Clara Buckingham , P. Smith , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2020). Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals . Nature Communications, 11(1), 3959. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. Eilidh Cage , Jessica Di Monaco , Victoria Newell (2018). Experiences of autism acceptance and mental health in autistic adults . J Autism Dev Disord, 48(2), 473-484. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Rachel Nuwer (2020). Meet the autistic scientists redefining autism research . Spectrum. Simons Foundation.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Walker N. (2014). Neurotypical Psychotherapists & Autistic Clients [Internet] . Neuroqueer..
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  46. Hallett S (2020). Autistic Mutual Aid Society Edinburgh . Autistic Mutual Aid Society Edinburgh.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  47. Robert Chapman *Autistic author. Learn more… , Virginia Bovell (2022). Neurodiversity, Advocacy, Anti-Therapy . In Autism and Child Psychopathology Series (pp. 1519-1536). Springer International Publishing.
    AutiHub · Autistic Autism Scholarship Project Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Elizabeth Barnes (2016). The Minority Body . Oxford University PressOxford.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Kristin Waters (1987). The science question in feminism . Women's Studies International Forum, 10(6), 635-636. Elsevier BV.
    OpenAlex
  50. (2019). The Bloomsbury Companion to Philosophy of Psychiatry . Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
    OpenAlex
  51. Steven K. Kapp *Autistic author. Learn more… , Ari Ne'eman *Autistic author. Learn more… (2020). Lobbying Autism's Diagnostic Revision in the DSM-5. Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement: Stories from the Frontline . In Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement (pp. 167). Springer Singapore.
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Ho A. (2011). Trusting experts and epistemic humility in disability. IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to . Bioethics., 4(2), 102.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  53. Sinclair (1993). Toronto: Autism Network International . Toronto: Autism Network International.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  54. Booth, Janine (2016). Autism equality in the workplace: Removing barriers and challenging discrimination . Autism equality in the workplace: Removing barriers and challenging discrimination.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W7036137802
    Crossref
  55. Robert Chapman *Autistic author. Learn more… (2020). Neurotype Dysphoria . Psychology Today.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  56. Anna Trakoli (2021). Autism Equality in the Workplace. Removing Barriers and Challenging Discrimination . Occupational Medicine, 71(1), 48-48. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    OpenAlex
  57. Kim C. (2013). Autism as a Reclaimed Word [Internet] . Musings of an Aspie.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  58. Parsloe SM (2015). Discourses of Disability . Narratives of Community: Reclaiming an Autistic Identity Online. null., 43(3), 336.
    Type: Other
    Crossref