Montrez-moi votre vrai vous : expression renforcée des conditions rogériennes dans l'établissement de la relation thérapeutique avec des adultes autistes

Titre original en anglais : Show Me the Real You: Enhanced Expression of Rogerian Conditions in Therapeutic Relationship Building with Autistic Adults

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

À propos de la mention auteur·ice autiste

Hume, R. (2022). Show Me the Real You: Enhanced Expression of Rogerian Conditions in Therapeutic Relationship Building with Autistic Adults. Autism in Adulthood, 4(2), 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2021.0065

Date de publication: 01/02/2022 Ajout dans AutiHub: 10/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
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Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 1 (100,0 %)

Résumé

Contexte : La recherche en théorie de la psychothérapie et du conseil a montré l'importance d'une relation thérapeutique solide. Toutefois, dans le contexte du travail avec des adultes autistes, la relation semble être reléguée au second plan, ou des « approches différentes » sont recommandées sans être précisées. La négligence de l'établissement de la relation peut contribuer aux expériences négatives des adultes autistes avec les professionnels de santé relevées dans des études antérieures. Méthodes : J'ai interrogé 17 adultes autistes au sujet de leurs expériences d'établissement de relations avec un large éventail de professionnels issus principalement des domaines de la santé mentale et médicale. J'ai également interrogé deux conseillers en santé mentale et un psychologue ayant l'expérience du travail avec ce groupe de clients et qui avaient été recommandés par les participants autistes. J'ai recueilli auprès de tous les participants des recommandations de bonnes pratiques. J'ai analysé les données dans un cadre interprétatif-interactionniste et les présente au moyen d'une pratique analytique créative. Résultats : J'aborde un thème majeur dans cet article : l'importance des conditions relationnelles rogériennes/centrées sur la personne. Toutes devaient être mises en pratique de manière renforcée : (1) Une congruence renforcée pouvait être démontrée par l'autorévélation du thérapeute et l'abstention de « techniques » artificielles d'établissement de la relation, telles que des ajustements vocaux. (2) Une empathie renforcée pouvait être démontrée par une écoute authentique et une interprétation exacte ; toutefois, l'interprétation devait être formulée avec prudence. (3) Un regard positif inconditionnel renforcé pouvait être démontré par une expression verbale explicite, une démonstration pratique et le fait de se souvenir. Conclusions : Les résultats reflétaient largement la recherche menée auprès de populations non autistes : des approches différentes n'étaient pas nécessaires pour établir la relation. Les participants ont souligné l'importance des conditions centrées sur la personne de Rogers et décrit des moments décisifs d'établissement de la relation associés à l'expression renforcée de ces conditions. Résumé communautaire Pourquoi cette étude a-t-elle été réalisée ? Des études antérieures ont indiqué que les adultes autistes n'entretiennent souvent pas de bonnes relations avec leurs professionnels de santé mentale et médicale, se sentant incompris ou infantilisés. Cela pose problème, car des relations solides sont essentielles à de bons résultats dans de nombreux contextes. Peu de ressources sont disponibles pour permettre aux professionnels d'améliorer leurs compétences en établissement de relations avec ce groupe de clients. Les rares textes qui abordent cette question ne le font que brièvement. Ils recommandent soit des approches différentes, sans les préciser, soit suggèrent que l'établissement de la relation est trop difficile pour que l'effort en vaille la peine avec les adultes autistes. Aucune recherche n'a encore sollicité des adultes autistes afin de leur demander leurs recommandations de bonnes pratiques dans ce domaine. Quel était l'objectif de cette étude ? Cette étude cherchait des réponses à trois questions principales : 1. Qu'est-ce qui constitue une bonne relation de travail du point de vue des adultes autistes ? 2. Comment les professionnels qui réussissent établissent-ils des relations avec leurs clients autistes ? 3. Que souhaitent les adultes autistes que les professionnels fassent pour améliorer les relations ? Qu'a fait le chercheur ? Le chercheur a interrogé 17 adultes autistes et 3 professionnels non autistes de la santé mentale ayant une expertise dans l'autisme sur leurs expériences et leurs recommandations pour améliorer l'établissement de relations. Qu'a trouvé le chercheur ? Plusieurs aspects étaient importants, mais cet article n'en examine qu'un seul par manque de place : utiliser les mêmes approches d'établissement de la relation qu'avec des clients non autistes, mais de manière renforcée. 1. Les professionnels devaient être authentiques dans toutes leurs interactions avec les clients autistes. S'ils étaient « faux », de nombreux participants devenaient confus, car ils pouvaient percevoir que quelque chose n'allait pas. Ils ne pouvaient faire confiance qu'à des professionnels qui se souciaient véritablement d'eux. 2. Les professionnels devaient faire preuve d'empathie en écoutant leurs clients sans chercher à les conseiller ni à « réparer » la personne. Les participants appréciaient également que les professionnels montrent qu'ils comprenaient leur expérience en l'interprétant correctement. 3. Les participants avaient besoin de se sentir appréciés par leurs professionnels. Les professionnels pouvaient le montrer au mieux en : l'exprimant verbalement, en le démontrant de manière pratique, par exemple en offrant une tasse de thé, en mettant les clients en contact avec des réseaux de soutien dans la communauté ou en trouvant pour eux des ressources supplémentaires, ou en se souvenant de détails concernant les clients, tels que leurs besoins d'accessibilité ou leurs intérêts. Comment cette connaissance aidera-t-elle les adultes autistes ? De nombreuses personnes travaillant dans le secteur des soins de santé souhaitent apprendre à mieux interagir avec leurs clients adultes autistes. Cette étude vise à poser les bases d'une future ressource de perfectionnement professionnel. Si les professionnels acquièrent les moyens d'établir de meilleures relations, davantage fondées sur la confiance, avec leurs clients adultes autistes, les résultats en matière de santé pourraient être améliorés. Quelles sont les limites de cette étude ? Cette étude comptait un nombre relativement faible de participants. Par conséquent, les expériences dont ils ont parlé peuvent ne pas refléter celles de l'ensemble de la communauté autiste. Les professionnels devraient adapter leur approche d'établissement de la relation aux préférences de chaque client.

Background: Research in psychotherapy and counseling theory has shown the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship. However, in the context of working with autistic adults, the relationship appears to be de-emphasized, or “different approaches” are recommended without specifying these. Neglect of relationship building may contribute to autistic adults' negative experiences with health care professionals identified in previous studies. Methods: I interviewed 17 autistic adults about their relationship building experiences with a wide range of professionals primarily from mental and medical health backgrounds. I also interviewed two mental health counselors and one psychologist who had experience working with this client group and had been recommended by autistic participants. I elicited best practice recommendations from all participants. I analyzed the data in an interpretive–interactionist framework and present them through creative analytic practice. Findings: I address one major theme in this article: the importance of Rogerian/person-centered relationship conditions. All had to be practiced in an enhanced way: (1) Enhanced congruence could be demonstrated through therapist self-disclosure and refraining from phony relationship building “techniques” such as vocal adjustments. (2) Enhanced empathy could be demonstrated through genuine listening and accurate interpretation; however, interpretation needed to be phrased tentatively. (3) Enhanced unconditional positive regard could be demonstrated through explicit verbal expression, practical demonstration, and remembering. Conclusions: Results largely mirrored research with non-autistic populations: different approaches were not needed for relationship building. Participants emphasized the importance of Rogers' person-centered conditions and described pivotal relationship building moments associated with enhanced expression of these conditions. Community brief Why was this study done? Previous studies have reported that autistic adults often do not experience good relationships with their mental and medical health care professionals, feeling misunderstood or patronized. This is a problem, as strong relationships are essential for good outcomes in many settings. Limited resources exist for professionals to improve their relationship building skills with this client group. The few texts that address this question at all do so only briefly. They either recommend different approaches (but do not specify these) or suggest that relationship building is too hard to be worth the effort with autistic adults. No research has yet engaged autistic adults to ask their recommendations for best practice in this area. What was the purpose of this study? This study sought answers to three main questions: 1. What makes a good working relationship from the point of view of autistic adults? 2. How do successful professionals establish relationships with their autistic clients? 3. What do autistic adults want professionals to do to improve relationships? What did the researcher do? The researcher asked 17 autistic adults and 3 non-autistic mental health professionals with expertise in autism about their experiences and recommendations for improving relationship building. What did the researcher find? Several aspects were important, but this article discusses only one aspect due to a lack of space: using the same relationship building approaches as with non-autistic clients, but in an enhanced way. 1. Professionals had to be authentic in all their interactions with autistic clients. If they were “fake,” many participants became confused, as they could tell something was wrong. They could only trust professionals who genuinely cared about them. 2. Professionals had to show empathy by listening to their clients without trying to advise or “fix” the person. Participants also appreciated if professionals showed understanding of their experience by interpreting it correctly. 3. Participants needed to feel liked by their professionals. Professionals could show this liking best by: expressing it verbally, demonstrating it in a practical way (such as offering a cup of tea, putting clients in touch with support networks in the community, or finding extra resources for them), or remembering client details (such as access needs or interests). How will knowing this help autistic adults? Many of those in the health care workforce want to learn how to engage better with their autistic adult clients. This study aims to lay the groundwork for a future resource for professional development. If professionals are empowered to build better, more trusting relationships with their autistic adult clients, health care outcomes may be improved. What are the weaknesses of this study? This study had a relatively small number of participants. Therefore, the experiences they discussed may not reflect the experiences of the larger autistic community. Professionals should adjust their relationship building approach to each client's preferences.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 12/09/2026 18:19.

Références citées
141
Avec un DOI
99
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
40
12 / 141 (8,5 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
16 / 141 (11,3 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
129 / 141 (91,5 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
12
Sans titre structuré
14
Sans identifiant stable
39
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
11
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
325
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
325
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
12
93 / 325 (28,6 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 232 / 325 (71,4 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
32 / 325 (9,8 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 32 / 93 (34,4 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 24 / 279 (8,6 %).
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