Neurotype-Matching, but Not Being Autistic, Influences Self and Observer Ratings of Interpersonal Rapport

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Crompton, C. J., Sharp, M., Axbey, H., Fletcher‐Watson, S., Flynn, E. G., & Ropar, D. (2020). Neurotype-Matching, but Not Being Autistic, Influences Self and Observer Ratings of Interpersonal Rapport. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 586171-586171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586171

Publication date: 23 Oct 2020 Added to AutiHub: 8 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
OpenAlex source Publisher source (DOI) Full text

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 6 (16.7%)
  1. Catherine J. Crompton
  2. Martha Sharp
  3. Harriet Axbey *
  1. Sue Fletcher‐Watson
  2. Emma G. Flynn
  3. Danielle Ropar

Abstract

The Double Empathy Theory suggests that communicative difficulties between autistic and non-autistic people are due to bi-directional differences in communicative style and a reciprocal lack of understanding. If true, there should be increased similarity in interaction style, resulting in higher rapport during interactions between pairs of the same neurotype. Here, we provide two empirical tests of rapport, with data revealing whether self- and observer- rated rapport varies depending on the match or mismatch in autism status within a pair. An additional opportunity afforded by these data is to examine the effect of the autism status of the rater on the perceived rapport between matched and mismatched pairs. In Study 1 72 participants were allocated to one of three dyad conditions: autistic pairs (n = 24), non-autistic pairs (n=24) and mixed pairs (n=12 autistic; n=12 non-autistic). Each participant completed three semi-structured interactions with their partner, rating rapport after each interaction. Non-autistic pairs experienced higher self-rated rapport than mixed and autistic pairs, and autistic pairs experienced higher rapport than mixed pairs. In Study 2 (n = 80) autistic and non-autistic observers rated interactional rapport while watching videoed interactions between autistic pairs, non-autistic pairs, and mixed pairs (n=18, a subset of participants in Study 1). Mixed pairs were rated significantly lower on rapport than autistic and non-autistic pairs, and autistic pairs were rated more highly for rapport than non-autistic pairs. Both autistic and non-autistic observers show similar patterns in how they rate the rapport of autistic, non-autistic, and mixed pairs. In summary, autistic people experience high interactional rapport when interacting with other autistic people, and this is also detected by external observers. Rather than autistic people experiencing low rapport in all contexts, their rapport ratings are influenced by a mismatch of diagnosis. These findings suggest that autistic people possess a distinct mode of social interaction style, rather than demonstrating social skills deficits. These data are considered in terms of their implications for psychological theories of autism, as well as practical impact on educational and clinical practice.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Bibliography inclusion overview

These indicators describe the cited bibliography imported for this publication. Cited-reference metrics use the cited-reference total as denominator. Cited-author metrics state whether they use all cited-author occurrences or only occurrences linked to authors already integrated in the AutiHub database. They use cached links between cited authors and authors integrated in the AutiHub database. Last computed: 16 Aug 2026 11:31.

Cited references
75
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
8 / 75 (10.7%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
10 / 222 (4.5%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 10 / 87 (11.5%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 9 / 176 (5.1%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
87 / 222 (39.2%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 59 / 176 (33.5%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
77 / 87 (88.5%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 77 / 222 (34.7%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 50 / 59 (84.7%).
  1. Henri Tajfel , John Turner (2000). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict . In Organizational Identity (pp. 56-65). Oxford University PressOxford.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199269464.003.0005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W90970949
    OpenAlex
  2. Rabi Samil Alkhaldi , Elizabeth Sheppard , Peter Mitchell (2019). Is There a Link Between Autistic People Being Perceived Unfavorably and Having a Mind That Is Difficult to Read? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(10), 3973-3982. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04101-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2949760813
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Cheong Ying Sng , Mark Carter , Jennifer Stephenson , Naomi Sweller (2020). Partner Perceptions of Conversations with Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(4), 1182-1197. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04348-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2996927157
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Jon E. Grahe , Frank J. Bernieri (1999). The Importance of Nonverbal Cues in Judging Rapport . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 23(4), 253-269. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1021698725361 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W130033548
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4247665917
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Antonia F. de C. Hamilton , Lauren Marsh (2013). Two systems for action comprehension in autism . In Understanding Other Minds (pp. 380-396). Oxford University Press.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199692972.003.0021 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1537526218
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Simon Baron-Cohen , Alan M. Leslie , Uta Frith (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21(1), 37-46. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2093410327
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Marion Rutherford , Simon Baron-Cohen , Sally Wheelwright (2002). Reading the Mind in the Voice: A Study with Normal Adults and Adults with Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(3), 189-194. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1015497629971 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2134409536
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Hanne De Jaegher , Ezequiel Di Paolo (2007). Participatory sense-making . Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6(4), 485-507. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11097-007-9076-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1541753613
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Simon Baron-Cohen , Sally Wheelwright , Richard Skinner , Joanne Martin , Emma Clubley (2001). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism, Males and Females, Scientists and Mathematicians . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5-17. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005653411471 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2100254283
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Lynden K. Miles , Louise K. Nind , C. Neil Macrae (2009). The rhythm of rapport: Interpersonal synchrony and social perception . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(3), 585-589. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1971860267
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Emily Pronin , Thomas Gilovich , Lee Ross (2004). Objectivity in the Eye of the Beholder: Divergent Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others. Psychological Review, 111(3), 781-799. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.111.3.781 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1965229241
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Bernieri (2014). The expression of rapport . The Sourcebook of Nonverbal Measures: Going Beyond Words, 347.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  14. Kerrianne E Morrison , Kilee M. DeBrabander , Desiree R. Jones , Daniel J Faso , Robert A. Ackerman , Noah J. Sasson (2020). Outcomes of real-world social interaction for autistic adults paired with autistic compared to typically developing partners . Autism, 24(5), 1067-1080. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319892701 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2996531634
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Ivar Krumpal (2013). Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review . Quality & Quantity, 47(4), 2025-2047. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1966850535
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Frank J. Bernieri , John S. Gillis , Janet M. Davis , Jon E. Grahe (1996). Dyad rapport and the accuracy of its judgment across situations: A lens model analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 110-129. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.110 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2044141024
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Steven K. Kapp * , Kristen Gillespie-Lynch , Lauren E. Sherman , Ted Hutman (2013). Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity. Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 59-71. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/a0028353 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2124715426
    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Uta Frith (2001). Mind Blindness and the Brain in Autism . Neuron, 32(6), 969-979. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00552-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1968460730
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Kristen Bottema‐Beutel (2017). Glimpses into the blind spot: Social interaction and autism . Journal of Communication Disorders, 68, 24-34. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.06.008 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2626374338
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Damian Milton * , Brett Heasman , Elizabeth Sheppard (2018). Double Empathy . In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp. 1-8). Springer New York.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102273-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4234897114
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Damian Milton * (2012). On the ontological status of autism: the ‘double empathy problem’ . Disability & Society, 27(6), 883-887. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2012.710008 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1968949608
    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Kristen Bottema‐Beutel , So Yoon Kim , Shannon Crowley (2019). A systematic review and meta‐regression analysis of social functioning correlates in autism and typical development . Autism Research, 12(2), 152-175. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2055 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2905651088
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Mirko Uljarević , Antonia F. de C. Hamilton (2013). Recognition of Emotions in Autism: A Formal Meta-Analysis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), 1517-1526. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1695-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2001483327
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Marilynn B. Brewer (2007). The importance of being we: Human nature and intergroup relations. American Psychologist, 62(8), 728-738. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.62.8.728 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2059264578
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Sally Ozonoff , Bruce F. Pennington , Sally J. Rogers (1991). Executive Function Deficits in High‐Functioning Autistic Individuals: Relationship to Theory of Mind . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32(7), 1081-1105. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1993462172
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Eilidh Cage , Holly Burton (2019). Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults . Autism Research, 12(10), 1495-1504. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2191 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2968496926
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Laura Sterponi , Jenton de Kirby (2017). What discourse analytic approaches contribute to the study of language and autism . Research on Children and Social Interaction, 1(1), 30-54. University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1558/rcsi.28458 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2967711299
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Christine A. Caldwell , Ailsa E. Millen (2008). Experimental models for testing hypotheses about cumulative cultural evolution . Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(3), 165-171. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.12.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2082905753
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Coralie Chevallier , Gregor Kohls , Vanessa Troiani , Edward S. Brodkin , Robert T. Schultz (2012). The social motivation theory of autism . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 231-239. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.02.007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2091028497
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Michael J. Hove , Jane L. Risen (2009). It's All in the Timing: Interpersonal Synchrony Increases Affiliation . Social Cognition, 27(6), 949-960. Guilford Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1521/soco.2009.27.6.949 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2003118556
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Joseph N. Cappella (1990). On Defining Conversational Coordination and Rapport . Psychological Inquiry, 1(4), 303-305. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1207/s15327965pli0104_5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2015093812
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Alvin Rose , Henri Tajfel (1983). Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Contemporary Sociology, 12(2), 237. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/2066820 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2005640289
    OpenAlex
  33. Ya-Chih Chang , Jill Locke (2016). A systematic review of peer-mediated interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 27, 1-10. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2016.03.010 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2304875043
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. David Wechsler (2018). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence--Second Edition . PsycTESTS Dataset. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Dataset DOI: 10.1037/t15171-000 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2808004150
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Linda Tickle-Degnen , Robert Rosenthal (1990). The Nature of Rapport and Its Nonverbal Correlates . Psychological Inquiry, 1(4), 285-293. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1207/s15327965pli0104_1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2028632271
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Judith A. Hall , Debra L. Roter , Danielle C. Blanch , Richard M. Frankel (2009). Observer-rated rapport in interactions between medical students and standardized patients . Patient Education and Counseling, 76(3), 323-327. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.05.009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2149955099
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Uta Frith (1994). Autism and theory of mind in everyday life . Social Development, 3(2), 108-124. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.1994.tb00031.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2031109607
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Jessica L. Lakin , Tanya L. Chartrand (2003). Using Nonconscious Behavioral Mimicry to Create Affiliation and Rapport . Psychological Science, 14(4), 334-339. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.14481 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2115048287
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. Jennifer Christina Kirchner , Florian Schmitz , Isabel Dziobek (2012). Brief Report: Stereotypes in Autism Revisited . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(10), 2246-2251. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1460-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2033703293
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Kilee M. DeBrabander , Kerrianne E. Morrison , Desiree R. Jones , Daniel J. Faso , Mike Chmielewski , Noah J. Sasson (2019). Do First Impressions of Autistic Adults Differ Between Autistic and Nonautistic Observers? Autism in Adulthood, 1(4), 250-257. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0018 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2969930798
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Brandi N. Frisby , Matthew M. Martin (2010). Instructor–Student and Student–Student Rapport in the Classroom . Communication Education, 59(2), 146-164. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/03634520903564362 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2050642231
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Rosanna Edey , Jennifer Cook , Rebecca Brewer , Mark H. Johnson , Geoffrey Bird , Clare Press (2016). Interaction takes two: Typical adults exhibit mind-blindness towards those with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(7), 879-885. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/abn0000199 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2517906838
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Morton Ann Gernsbacher , Melanie Yergeau * (2019). Empirical failures of the claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 7(1), 102-118. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/arc0000067 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2994917579
    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Lynden K. Miles , Joanne Lumsden , Michael J. Richardson , C. Neil Macrae (2011). Do birds of a feather move together? Group membership and behavioral synchrony . Experimental Brain Research, 211(3-4), 495-503. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2641-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2058080180
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. C. Neil Macrae , Galen V. Bodenhausen (2000). Social Cognition: Thinking Categorically about Others . Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 93-120. Annual Reviews.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.93 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2162756652
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Noah J. Sasson , Kerrianne E. Morrison , Skylar Kelsven , Amy E. Pinkham (2020). Social cognition as a predictor of functional and social skills in autistic adults without intellectual disability . Autism Research, 13(2), 259-270. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2195 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2968436830
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. Henri Tajfel (1979). Individuals and groups in social psychology* . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18(2), 183-190. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1979.tb00324.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2094762165
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Jessica E. Granieri , Morgan L. McNair , Alan H. Gerber , Rebecca F Reifler , Matthew D Lerner (2020). Atypical social communication is associated with positive initial impressions among peers with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 24(7), 1841-1848. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320924906 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3033751318
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Noah J. Sasson , Daniel J. Faso , Jack Nugent , Sarah Lovell , Daniel P. Kennedy , Ruth B. Grossman (2017). Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments . Scientific Reports, 7(1), 40700-40700. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/srep40700 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2585989266
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  54. Emanuel Schmider , Matthias Ziegler , Erik Danay , Luzi Beyer , Markus Bühner (2010). Is It Really Robust? Methodology, 6(4), 147-151. Hogrefe Publishing Group.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241/a000016 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2104806923
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. Brett Heasman , Alex Gillespie (2018). Perspective-taking is two-sided: Misunderstandings between people with Asperger’s syndrome and their family members . Autism, 22(6), 740-750. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361317708287 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2727105378
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  56. Atsushi Senju , Mark H. Johnson (2009). Atypical eye contact in autism: Models, mechanisms and development . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(8), 1204-1214. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2154296060
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  57. Brett Heasman , Alex Gillespie (2019). Neurodivergent intersubjectivity: Distinctive features of how autistic people create shared understanding . Autism, 23(4), 910-921. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318785172 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2886786591
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Connor Tom Keating , Jennifer Louise Cook (2020). Facial Expression Production and Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders . Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29(3), 557-571. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2020.02.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3015907530
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  59. Riva Ariella Ritvo , Edward R. Ritvo , Donald Guthrie , Max J. Ritvo , Demetra H. Hufnagel , William McMahon et al. (2011). The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R): A Scale to Assist the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults: An International Validation Study . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(8), 1076-1089. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1133-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2133388559
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. Brett Heasman , Alex Gillespie (2019). Participants Over-Estimate How Helpful They Are in a Two-Player Game Scenario Toward an Artificial Confederate That Discloses a Diagnosis of Autism . Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1349. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01349 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2947842890
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Johanna E. van Schaik , Sabine Hunnius (2016). Little chameleons: The development of social mimicry during early childhood . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 147, 71-81. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.03.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2333591928
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  62. T. Rene Jamison , Jessica Oeth Schuttler (2015). Examining social competence, self-perception, quality of life, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescent females with and without autism spectrum disorder: a quantitative design including between-groups and correlational analyses . Molecular Autism, 6(1), 53-53. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0044-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2143492609
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. Laura Hull , Meng-Chuan Lai , Simon Baron-Cohen , Carrie Allison , Paula Smith , KV Petrides et al. (2020). Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults . Autism, 24(2), 352-363. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319864804 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2964343923
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  64. Hidetsugu Komeda , Hirotaka Kosaka , Toru Fujioka , Minyoung Jung , Hidehiko Okazawa (2019). Do Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders Help Other People With Autism Spectrum Disorders? An Investigation of Empathy and Helping Motivation in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 376. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00376 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2948169883
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  65. Laura Hull , K. V. Petrides , Carrie Allison , Paula Smith , Simon Baron-Cohen , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2017). “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(8), 2519-2534. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3166-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2616560149
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  66. Ray Reagans (2011). Close Encounters: Analyzing How Social Similarity and Propinquity Contribute to Strong Network Connections . Organization Science, 22(4), 835-849. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1100.0587 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2157524497
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  67. Iemmi (2017). B35 The Autism Dividend: Reaping the Rewards of Better Investment. National Autism Project..
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  68. Elizabeth Sheppard , Dhanya Pillai , Genevieve Tze-Lynn Wong , Danielle Ropar , Peter Mitchell (2016). How Easy is it to Read the Minds of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1247-1254. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2662-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2175842555
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  69. S. A. Hassani , M. Oemisch , M. Balcarras , S. Westendorff , S. Ardid , M. A. van der Meer et al. (2017). A computational psychiatry approach identifies how alpha-2A noradrenergic agonist Guanfacine affects feature-based reinforcement learning in the macaque . Scientific Reports, 7(1), 40606-40606. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/srep40606 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2578577905
    OpenAlex
  70. Noah J. Sasson , Kerrianne E Morrison (2019). First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers . Autism, 23(1), 50-59. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361317729526 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2766361726
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  71. Mirabel Pelton , Sarah Cassidy (2017). Are autistic traits associated with suicidality? A test of the interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicide in a non‐clinical young adult sample . Autism Research, 10(11), 1891-1904. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1828 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2727577692
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  72. Richmond (1995). Immediacy . Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, 195.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  73. Tajfel (1981). B66 Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  74. Tajfel (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Organ. Ident. Read., 56.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  75. (2020). B72 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.
    Type: Other
    Crossref