Comparaison par méthodes mixtes de la stigmatisation envers l’autisme et la schizophrénie et des effets du langage centré sur la personne par rapport au langage centré sur l’identité

Titre original en anglais : A mixed method comparison of stigma toward autism and schizophrenia and effects of person-first versus identity-first language

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Jones, D. & Sasson, N. (2023). A mixed method comparison of stigma toward autism and schizophrenia and effects of person-first versus identity-first language. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, Article 1263525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1263525

Date de publication: 27/10/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 23/10/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
2
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 2 (50,0 %)
  1. Desiree Jones *
  2. Noah Sasson

Résumé

Introduction : Bien que la stigmatisation envers les personnes autistes ait été bien documentée, on en sait moins sur la manière dont l’autisme est perçu par rapport à d’autres handicaps stigmatisés. En tant qu’affection fortement stigmatisée présentant des caractéristiques sociocognitives similaires à celles de l’autisme, la schizophrénie peut offrir une comparaison utile pour l’étude de la stigmatisation. Des études antérieures ont montré que les personnes autistes peuvent être perçues plus favorablement que les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie, mais on sait peu de choses sur les pensées volontaires sous-jacentes qui contribuent aux différences dans la manière dont ces affections sont perçues. Méthodes : La présente étude utilise une approche par méthodes mixtes, permettant une compréhension détaillée de la manière dont les jeunes adultes perçoivent différentes étiquettes diagnostiques. Cinq cent trente-trois étudiants de premier cycle universitaire ont rempli des questionnaires reflétant leurs perceptions de l’une de huit étiquettes diagnostiques : quatre liées à l’autisme (autisme, autiste, trouble du spectre de l’autisme ou Asperger), deux liées à la schizophrénie (schizophrénie ou schizophrène) et deux liées à une affection clinique non spécifiée (diagnostic clinique ou trouble clinique). Les participants ont également répondu à une question ouverte concernant leurs pensées sur ces étiquettes et leur exposition à celles-ci. Les réponses ont été comparées entre des catégories diagnostiques plus larges (autisme, schizophrénie, affection clinique générale), une analyse thématique étant utilisée pour évaluer les thèmes plus larges présents dans le texte ouvert. Résultats : Bien que les perceptions ne diffèrent pas significativement entre le langage centré sur la personne et le langage centré sur l’identité au sein des étiquettes, plusieurs différences étaient apparentes entre les étiquettes. Plus précisément, les résultats quantitatifs indiquaient davantage de préjugés envers l’autisme et la schizophrénie qu’envers l’affection clinique générique, la schizophrénie étant associée à une peur et à un danger perçus plus importants, ainsi qu’à une préférence accrue pour la distance sociale, par rapport à l’autisme. Les schémas des codes initiaux différaient selon les étiquettes diagnostiques, avec une plus grande variation dans les réponses concernant l’autisme que dans celles concernant la schizophrénie ou l’affection clinique générale. Alors que les participants décrivaient une gamme d’attitudes envers l’autisme (condescendance, exclusion et acceptation) et la schizophrénie (peur, préjugés et empathie), ils se sont abstenus de décrire leurs attitudes envers l’étiquette clinique générale, soulignant le rôle central d’une identité de groupe cohésive dans le développement de la stigmatisation. Enfin, les participants ont rapporté un certain nombre d’idées fausses concernant l’autisme et la schizophrénie, beaucoup considérant que des caractéristiques telles que le syndrome du savant constituaient des caractéristiques fondamentales de ces affections. Conclusion : Ces résultats offrent un compte rendu plus détaillé de la manière dont les personnes non autistes perçoivent l’autisme et peuvent donc contribuer à l’élaboration de programmes ciblés visant à améliorer les attitudes envers l’autisme.

Introduction While stigma toward autistic individuals has been well documented, less is known about how autism is perceived relative to other stigmatized disabilities. As a highly stigmatized condition with similar social cognitive features to autism, schizophrenia may offer a useful comparison for stigma. Previous studies have found that autistic people may be perceived more favorably than those with schizophrenia, but little is known about the underlying volitional thoughts that contribute to differences in how these conditions are perceived. Methods The present study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, allowing for a detailed understanding of how young adults perceive different diagnostic labels. 533 college undergraduates completed questionnaires reflecting their perceptions of one of eight diagnostic labels: four related to autism (autism, autistic, autism spectrum disorder, or Asperger’s), two related to schizophrenia (schizophrenia or schizophrenic), and two related to an unspecified clinical condition (clinical diagnosis or clinical disorder). Participants also completed an open-ended question regarding their thoughts about, and exposure to, these labels. Responses were compared across broader diagnostic categories (autism, schizophrenia, general clinical condition), with thematic analysis used to assess the broader themes occurring within the open-ended text. Results While perceptions did not differ significantly for person-first and identity-first language within labels, several differences were apparent across labels. Specifically, quantitative results indicated greater prejudice towards autism and schizophrenia than the generic clinical condition, with schizophrenia associated with more perceived fear and danger, as well as an increased preference for social distance, compared to autism. Patterns in initial codes differed across diagnostic labels, with greater variation in responses about autism than responses about schizophrenia or the general clinical condition. While participants described a range of attitudes toward autism (patronizing, exclusionary, and accepting) and schizophrenia (fear, prejudice, and empathy), they refrained from describing their attitudes toward the general clinical label, highlighting the centrality of a cohesive group identity for the development of stigma. Finally, participants reported a number of misconceptions about autism and schizophrenia, with many believing features such as savant syndrome to be core characteristics of the conditions. Conclusion These findings offer a more detailed account of how non-autistic individuals view autism and may therefore aid in the development of targeted programs to improve attitudes toward autism.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 28/10/2026 01:01.

Références citées
73
Avec un DOI
68
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
5
10 / 73 (13,7 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
3 / 73 (4,1 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
71 / 73 (97,3 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
2
Sans titre structuré
2
Sans identifiant stable
5
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
292
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
292
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
117 / 292 (40,1 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 175 / 292 (59,9 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
12 / 292 (4,1 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 12 / 117 (10,3 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 8 / 241 (3,3 %).
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