Effets d'une formation à l'acceptation de l'autisme sur les biais explicites et implicites envers l'autisme

Titre original en anglais : Effects of autism acceptance training on explicit and implicit biases toward autism

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Jones, D., DeBrabander, K. M., & Sasson, N. (2021). Effects of autism acceptance training on explicit and implicit biases toward autism. Autism, 25(5), 1246-1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320984896

Date de publication: 20/01/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 23/10/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Desiree Jones *
  2. Kilee M DeBrabander
  3. Noah Sasson

Résumé

Les adultes non autistes ont souvent des biais explicites et implicites envers l'autisme, qui contribuent à des difficultés personnelles et professionnelles pour les personnes autistes. Bien que des recherches antérieures indiquent que les adultes non autistes ayant de meilleures connaissances et une plus grande familiarité avec l'autisme expriment des attitudes plus inclusives, on ignore encore si les programmes de formation conçus pour promouvoir l'acceptation et la compréhension de l'autisme influencent les biais implicites et explicites ultérieurs envers l'autisme. Dans cette étude, des adultes non autistes (N = 238) ont suivi soit une formation à l'acceptation de l'autisme comprenant des informations factuelles et des récits engageants à la première personne, soit une formation générale sur la santé mentale ne mentionnant pas l'autisme, soit une condition témoin sans formation, puis ont répondu à des questionnaires évaluant leurs connaissances sur l'autisme, la stigmatisation et leurs impressions à l'égard des adultes autistes, et ont réalisé une nouvelle tâche d'association implicite portant sur l'autisme. Les adultes non autistes de la condition de formation à l'acceptation de l'autisme ont rapporté des impressions plus positives des adultes autistes, ont manifesté moins d'idées fausses et une stigmatisation moindre à propos de l'autisme, ont approuvé des attentes plus élevées concernant les capacités des personnes autistes et ont exprimé un intérêt social plus grand pour des personnes autistes hypothétiques et réelles. Toutefois, la formation n'a eu aucun effet sur les biais implicites, les adultes non autistes associant des étiquettes liées à l'autisme à des attributs personnels désagréables, quelle que soit la condition de formation. Ces résultats suggèrent que le programme de formation à l'acceptation de l'autisme de cette étude, conçu pour accroître les connaissances et la familiarité avec l'autisme chez les personnes non autistes, est prometteur pour réduire les biais explicites, mais non les biais implicites, envers l'autisme. Résumé grand public Les adultes autistes font face à des préjugés de la part des personnes non autistes. Ils sont souvent jugés injustement et exclus des activités sociales en raison de leurs différences. Cela peut compliquer la création d'amitiés et la recherche d'un emploi pour les personnes autistes. Certains programmes de formation ont tenté d'apprendre aux personnes autistes à se comporter davantage comme des personnes non autistes afin de les aider à être acceptées. Moins de programmes se sont concentrés sur l'enseignement aux personnes non autistes de la manière d'être plus accueillantes envers l'autisme. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé une courte vidéo de formation qui informe les personnes sur l'autisme. La vidéo a été créée avec l'aide d'adultes autistes et comprenait des extraits montrant de vraies personnes autistes. Nous avons constaté que les personnes non autistes qui avaient regardé cette vidéo avaient de meilleures connaissances sur l'autisme et manifestaient des attitudes plus favorables à l'autisme que celles qui avaient regardé une vidéo sur la santé mentale ou celles qui n'avaient regardé aucune vidéo. Elles étaient plus ouvertes à l'idée d'avoir une relation avec une personne autiste et avaient des croyances plus positives concernant l'autisme. Toutefois, notre vidéo n'a pas influencé les attitudes inconscientes des personnes envers l'autisme. Les personnes de notre étude associaient l'autisme à des traits désagréables, même si elles avaient regardé la vidéo de formation sur l'autisme. Cela suggère qu'informer les personnes non autistes sur l'autisme peut favoriser des attitudes plus accueillantes envers l'autisme, mais que certaines croyances peuvent être plus difficiles à modifier.

Non-autistic adults often hold explicit and implicit biases toward autism that contribute to personal and professional challenges for autistic people. Although previous research indicates that non-autistic adults with higher autism knowledge and familiarity express more inclusionary attitudes, it remains unclear whether training programs designed to promote autism acceptance and understanding affect subsequent implicit and explicit biases toward autism. In this study, non-autistic adults (N = 238) completed an autism acceptance training featuring factual information and engaging first-person narratives, a general mental health training not mentioning autism, or a no-training control, then responded to surveys assessing their autism knowledge, stigma, and impressions of autistic adults, and completed a novel implicit association task about autism. Non-autistic adults in the autism acceptance training condition reported more positive impressions of autistic adults, demonstrated fewer misconceptions and lower stigma about autism, endorsed higher expectations of autistic abilities, and expressed greater social interest in hypothetical and real autistic people. However, training had no effect on implicit biases, with non-autistic adults associating autism-related labels with unpleasant personal attributes regardless of training condition. These findings suggest that the autism acceptance training program in this study, designed to increase autism knowledge and familiarity among non-autistic people, holds promise for reducing explicit but not implicit biases toward autism. Lay abstract Autistic adults face prejudice from non-autistic people. They are often judged unfairly and left out of social activities because of their differences. This can make it difficult for autistic people to make friends and find jobs. Some training programs have tried to teach autistic people to act more like non-autistic people to help them gain acceptance. Fewer have focused on teaching non-autistic people how to be more autism friendly. In this study, we used a short training video that teaches people about autism. The video was created with the help of autistic adults and included clips of real autistic people. We found that non-autistic people who watched this video had better knowledge about autism and showed more autism-friendly attitudes than those who watched a video about mental health or those who did not watch any video. They were more open to having a relationship with an autistic person and had more positive beliefs about autism. However, our video did not affect people’s unconscious attitudes about autism. People in our study connected autism with unpleasant traits, even if they had watched the autism training video. This suggests that teaching non-autistic people about autism may promote more autism-friendly attitudes, but some beliefs may be harder to change.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 23/10/2026 17:25.

Références citées
87
Avec un DOI
80
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
7
6 / 87 (6,9 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
1 / 87 (1,1 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
86 / 87 (98,9 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
1
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
7
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
1
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
288
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
288
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
1
98 / 288 (34,0 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 190 / 288 (66,0 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
6 / 288 (2,1 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 6 / 98 (6,1 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 3 / 243 (1,2 %).
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