Étude de l'hyperfocalisation autistique et du monotropisme : convergence limitée entre les potentiels liés aux événements, les tâches de laboratoire et les réponses aux questionnaires

Titre original en anglais : Investigating autistic hyperfocus and monotropism: Limited convergence of event-related potentials, laboratory tasks, and questionnaire responses

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Dwyer, P., Sillas, A., Saron, C. D., & Rivera, S. M. (2025). Investigating autistic hyperfocus and monotropism: Limited convergence of event-related potentials, laboratory tasks, and questionnaire responses. Research in Autism, 127, 202683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202683

Date de publication: 18/08/2025 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Patrick Dwyer *
  2. Andre Sillas
  3. Clifford D. Saron
  4. Susan M. Rivera

Résumé

Objectif : Le modèle du monotropisme développé par des personnes autistes suggère que l'autisme est caractérisé par une hyperfocalisation vers les intérêts, bien que la recherche sur l'hyperfocalisation n'ait pas exploré les associations entre les mesures d'auto-évaluation/par les aidants et les mesures en laboratoire. D'autres résultats suggèrent que l'attention autistique présente une capacité accrue et/ou est inhabituellement sujette à une capture involontaire. Cette étude a utilisé des questionnaires et des tâches en laboratoire pour étudier l'attention autistique et examiner ses relations avec l'inattention/la distractibilité, les expériences sensorielles et l'anxiété. Méthodes : Dix-huit adolescents autistes et 22 adolescents du groupe de comparaison ont rempli des mesures d'auto-évaluation de l'hyperfocalisation, de l'anxiété et des expériences sensorielles, ainsi que des tâches psychoacoustiques en laboratoire, des tâches d'exactitude et de temps de réaction de mémoire de travail visuelle et de capture attentionnelle intermodale, et un paradigme d'hyperfocalisation reposant sur les potentiels liés aux événements N2pc et Pd. Les aidants des participants ont rempli des questionnaires indirects sur l'hyperfocalisation, l'anxiété, les expériences sensorielles et l'inattention. Résultats : Les participants autistes présentaient une hyperfocalisation plus élevée selon les questionnaires d'auto-évaluation et d'évaluation par les aidants, et manifestaient une capacité de mémoire de travail visuelle plus faible, reflétant potentiellement une difficulté à prêter attention à plusieurs cibles. Cependant, les groupes ne différaient pas quant aux potentiels liés aux événements indexant l'hyperfocalisation, ni quant à la capture attentionnelle intermodale comportementale. Les différents types de mesures de l'attention n'étaient généralement pas liés les uns aux autres. Dans l'ensemble, les participants et leurs aidants considéraient l'impact de l'hyperfocalisation comme modestement positif, avec des opinions individuelles divergentes. L'hyperfocalisation autodéclarée était liée à la misophonie autodéclarée et à l'hyperréactivité sensorielle. Conclusions : Les questionnaires suggèrent que l'hyperfocalisation est accrue dans l'autisme et a des impacts réels mitigés et nuancés. Toutefois, certains paradigmes de laboratoire comportant des instructions explicites dans des environnements très contrôlés, souvent non naturalistes, peuvent avoir des difficultés à saisir les expériences attentionnelles autistiques du monde réel ; des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour aligner les mesures de laboratoire et les mesures par questionnaire. Cette étude suggère également que les capacités perceptives autistiques ne sont pas globalement accrues.

Purpose: The autistic-developed monotropism account suggests autism is characterised by hyperfocus towards interests, although hyperfocus research has not explored associations among self-/caregiver-report and lab-based measures. Other findings suggest autistic attention has an enhanced capacity and/or is unusually prone to involuntary capture. This study used questionnaires and lab-based tasks to investigate autistic attention and probe its relations to inattention/distractibility, sensory experiences, and anxiety. Methods: 18 autistic and 22 comparison adolescents completed self-report measures of hyper-focus, anxiety, and sensory experiences, and laboratory psychoacoustic tasks, visual working memory and cross-modal attention capture accuracy and reaction time tasks, and a hyperfocus paradigm relying on the N2pc and Pd event-related potentials. Participants' caregivers completed proxy hyperfocus, anxiety, sensory experiences, and inattention questionnaires. Results: Autistic participants had elevated hyperfocus per self- and caregiver-report questionnaires, and exhibited less visual working memory capacity, potentially reflecting difficulty attending to multiple targets. However, groups did not differ in event-related potentials indexing hyperfocus, or behavioural cross-modal attention capture. Different types of attention measures were generally not related to one another. Participants and their caregivers overall viewed hyperfocus' impact as modestly positive, with individual opinions differing. Self-reported hyperfocus was related to self-reported misophonia and sensory hyperreactivity. Conclusions: Questionnaires suggest hyperfocus is elevated in autism and has mixed, nuanced real-world impacts. However, some laboratory paradigms with explicit instructions in highly controlled, often non-naturalistic environments may struggle to capture real-world autistic attentional experiences; additional research is needed to align laboratory and questionnaire measures. This study also suggests autistic perceptual capacities are not globally enhanced.

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
84
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
11 / 84 (13,1 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
20 / 368 (5,4 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 20 / 96 (20,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 15 / 321 (4,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
96 / 368 (26,1 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 76 / 321 (23,7 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
76 / 96 (79,2 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 76 / 368 (20,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 61 / 76 (80,3 %).
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