Investigating autistic hyperfocus and monotropism: Limited convergence of event-related potentials, laboratory tasks, and questionnaire responses

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Dwyer, P., Sillas, A., Saron, C. D., & Rivera, S. M. (2025). Investigating autistic hyperfocus and monotropism: Limited convergence of event-related potentials, laboratory tasks, and questionnaire responses. Research in Autism, 127, 202683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202683

Publication date: 18 Aug 2025 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Patrick Dwyer *
  2. Andre Sillas
  3. Clifford D. Saron
  4. Susan M. Rivera

Abstract

Purpose: The autistic-developed monotropism account suggests autism is characterised by hyperfocus towards interests, although hyperfocus research has not explored associations among self-/caregiver-report and lab-based measures. Other findings suggest autistic attention has an enhanced capacity and/or is unusually prone to involuntary capture. This study used questionnaires and lab-based tasks to investigate autistic attention and probe its relations to inattention/distractibility, sensory experiences, and anxiety. Methods: 18 autistic and 22 comparison adolescents completed self-report measures of hyper-focus, anxiety, and sensory experiences, and laboratory psychoacoustic tasks, visual working memory and cross-modal attention capture accuracy and reaction time tasks, and a hyperfocus paradigm relying on the N2pc and Pd event-related potentials. Participants' caregivers completed proxy hyperfocus, anxiety, sensory experiences, and inattention questionnaires. Results: Autistic participants had elevated hyperfocus per self- and caregiver-report questionnaires, and exhibited less visual working memory capacity, potentially reflecting difficulty attending to multiple targets. However, groups did not differ in event-related potentials indexing hyperfocus, or behavioural cross-modal attention capture. Different types of attention measures were generally not related to one another. Participants and their caregivers overall viewed hyperfocus' impact as modestly positive, with individual opinions differing. Self-reported hyperfocus was related to self-reported misophonia and sensory hyperreactivity. Conclusions: Questionnaires suggest hyperfocus is elevated in autism and has mixed, nuanced real-world impacts. However, some laboratory paradigms with explicit instructions in highly controlled, often non-naturalistic environments may struggle to capture real-world autistic attentional experiences; additional research is needed to align laboratory and questionnaire measures. This study also suggests autistic perceptual capacities are not globally enhanced.

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These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 07:50.

Cited references
84
With a DOI
69
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
15
12 / 84 (14.3%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
6 / 84 (7.1%)
References with detected author names
80 / 84 (95.2%)
Without detected author names
4
Without a structured title
5
Without a stable identifier
13
References with raw author names still to review
3
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
368
From DOI or external metadata
368
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
17
107 / 368 (29.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 261 / 368 (70.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
21 / 368 (5.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 21 / 107 (19.6%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 16 / 321 (5.0%).
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