Démasquer les biais : perspectives autistes dans la formation en santé mentale
Titre original en anglais : Unmasking Bias: Autistic Perspectives in Mental Health Training
Dabbs, C. R., Hutchins, C. H., & Scaer, A. J. (2024). Unmasking Bias: Autistic Perspectives in Mental Health Training. PsycEXTRA Dataset, 8(3), 468-481. https://doi.org/10.1037/e502802026-001
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Auteurs
Résumé
Contexte : En raison d’une combinaison de jugements à partir de brèves observations, de capacitisme, de biais et d’une focalisation sur des normes dispositionnelles allistiques (non autistes), les personnes autistes peuvent rencontrer des difficultés d’admission et des problèmes de maintien dans les domaines professionnels de la santé mentale à des taux plus élevés que les personnes allistiques. Méthode : Afin de mieux comprendre leurs expériences de formation et de filtrage, nous avons interrogé 10 professionnels et stagiaires autistes de la santé mentale issus de divers programmes professionnels en santé mentale (p. ex., psychologie du counseling, psychologie clinique, counseling et travail social). En utilisant une analyse thématique réflexive, nous avons généré trois thèmes à partir de nos 11 questions d’entretien semi-structuré. Résultats : Les thèmes générés comprenaient le capacitisme (systémique et interpersonnel), le coût personnel (charge cognitive et coût émotionnel) et les facteurs de protection (internes et externes). Notre compréhension de nos thèmes interdépendants est éclairée à la fois par la théorie de la double empathie et par le modèle du stress des minorités. Les participants à notre étude ont également régulièrement évoqué la nécessité d’un meilleur mentorat autiste. Discussion : Nous examinons des recommandations concernant la défense des programmes de formation et les pratiques affirmant la neurodiversité. Sur la base des réponses de nos participants aux questions axées sur les forces et le soutien, nous proposons des suggestions pour les stagiaires autistes de cycle supérieur en santé mentale.
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