Participation scolaire des filles et des garçons autistes : le rôle des capacités de communication sociale et des obstacles extrinsèques

Titre original en anglais : School participation in autistic girls and boys: The role of social-communication abilities and extrinsic barriers

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

À propos de la mention auteur·ice autiste

Lacroix, A., Burnel, M., Baciu, M., Occelli, P., Perrone-Bertolotti, M., David, M., & Ego, A. (2026). School participation in autistic girls and boys: The role of social-communication abilities and extrinsic barriers. Autism, 30(5), 1242-1262. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613261428668

Date de publication: 27/03/2026 Ajout dans AutiHub: 27/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
7
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 7 (14,3 %)

Résumé

Cette étude visait à fournir une description et une compréhension approfondie de la participation scolaire des jeunes autistes, qui a été peu explorée. Les parents de 871 jeunes autistes âgés de 7 ou 15 ans ont été invités à participer à une étude, parmi lesquels 600 ont accepté, permettant la collecte de données sur le diagnostic, les comorbidités, l'école, le soutien professionnel et les caractéristiques parentales. Il leur a été demandé de remplir des questionnaires évaluant les fonctions exécutives, les difficultés de communication sociale et la participation scolaire, lesquels ont été complétés par 241 personnes. Une modélisation par équations structurelles et des méthodes descriptives ont été utilisées pour examiner les facteurs influençant la participation scolaire et le désir de changement. Les capacités de communication sociale se distinguent comme le seul déterminant intrinsèque associé à la participation scolaire. Le fait d'être de sexe féminin et d'avoir une déficience intellectuelle pourrait avoir une incidence négative sur la fréquentation d'une école ordinaire, sans exercer une influence similaire sur la fréquentation et l'implication dans les activités. Les aidants ont identifié les exigences scolaires et l'environnement sensoriel comme des obstacles extrinsèques à la participation scolaire, tandis que les attitudes des enseignants et les relations avec les pairs étaient considérées à la fois comme des obstacles potentiels et des facilitateurs. Enfin, 36 % à 58 % ont indiqué souhaiter une participation accrue à au moins une activité scolaire. Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de réduire la stigmatisation entourant l'autisme, d'améliorer le soutien scolaire et d'accorder une attention particulière aux expériences de scolarisation des filles autistes. Résumé grand public Les facteurs de participation scolaire dans l'autisme ont reçu une attention limitée. Nous avons examiné cette question à l'aide d'une modélisation par équations structurelles et de méthodes descriptives. Nos résultats indiquent que des difficultés accrues de communication sociale, plutôt que les dysfonctions exécutives et les comorbidités, sont associées à une diminution de la participation scolaire des jeunes autistes. En outre, des analyses exploratoires ont montré que le fait d'être de sexe féminin et d'avoir une déficience intellectuelle affecte négativement la fréquentation d'une école ordinaire chez les enfants et adolescents autistes, mais non leur fréquentation et leur implication dans les activités scolaires. Les aidants soulignent les exigences scolaires, l'environnement sensoriel et les attitudes des enseignants et des pairs comme des facteurs majeurs affectant la participation, exprimant souvent le souhait d'une participation accrue pour leur enfant. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour l'amélioration des environnements éducatifs des filles et des garçons autistes.

This study aimed to offer a depiction and comprehensive understanding of school participation in autistic youth, which has received limited exploration. Parents of 871 autistic youth aged 7 or 15 were invited to participate in a study, among whom 600 agreed, allowing data collection on diagnosis, comorbidities, school, professional support, and parental characteristics. They were asked to fill in questionnaires assessing executive functions, social-communication difficulties, and school participation, completed by 241. Structural equation modeling and descriptive methods were employed to examine factors influencing school participation and the desire for change. Social-communication abilities stand out as the sole intrinsic determinant associated with school participation. Being a female and having an intellectual disability might negatively impact mainstream school attendance, without exerting a similar influence on activity attendance and involvement. Caregivers identified school demands and the sensory environment as extrinsic barriers to school participation, while teachers’ attitudes and peer relationships were seen as both potential barriers and facilitators. Finally, 36%–58% indicated a desire for increased participation in at least one school activity. Our findings highlight the need to reduce stigma around autism, improve school support, and give special consideration to the schooling experiences of autistic girls. Lay Abstract School participation factors in autism have received limited attention. We examined this question using structural equation modeling and descriptive methods. Our findings indicate that heightened social-communication difficulties, rather than executive dysfunctions and comorbidities, are associated with decreased school participation of autistic youths. Furthermore, exploratory analyses showed that being female and having an intellectual disability negatively affect attending mainstream school for autistic children and teenagers, but not their attendance and involvement in school activities. Caregivers point out school demands, sensory environment, and teachers’ and peers’ attitudes as major factors affecting participation, often expressing a desire for increased participation for their child. These results hold significant implications for improving educational environments for autistic girls and boys.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 13:58.

Références citées
116
Avec un DOI
104
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
12
4 / 116 (3,4 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
3 / 116 (2,6 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
114 / 116 (98,3 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
2
Sans titre structuré
3
Sans identifiant stable
12
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
2
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
517
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
517
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
2
144 / 517 (27,9 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 373 / 517 (72,1 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
5 / 517 (1,0 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 5 / 144 (3,5 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 5 / 429 (1,2 %).
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