Le camouflage chez les filles neurodivergentes et neurotypiques à la transition vers l’adolescence et sa relation avec la santé mentale : une étude de recherche utilisant des méthodes participatives

Titre original en anglais : Camouflaging in neurodivergent and neurotypical girls at the transition to adolescence and its relationship to mental health: A participatory methods research study

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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McKinney, A., O’Brien, S., Maybin, J. A., Chan, S. W. Y., Richer, S., & Rhodes, S. (2024). Camouflaging in neurodivergent and neurotypical girls at the transition to adolescence and its relationship to mental health: A participatory methods research study. JCPP Advances, 4(4), e12294-e12294. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12294

Date de publication: 01/12/2024 Ajout dans AutiHub: 12/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 6 (16,7 %)
  1. Ailbhe McKinney
  2. Sarah O’Brien *
  3. Jacqueline A. Maybin
  1. Stella W. Y. Chan
  2. Simone Richer
  3. Sinead Rhodes

Résumé

Résumé Contexte Les adolescentes ayant reçu un diagnostic d’autisme, de TDAH et/ou de trouble développemental de la coordination (TDC) présentent un risque plus élevé de problèmes de santé mentale que les garçons ayant les mêmes diagnostics et que les filles neurotypiques. Ces filles sont ici qualifiées de neurodivergentes, bien que la neurodivergence englobe un éventail plus large de diagnostics. Une raison possible de cette disparité en matière de santé mentale pourrait être le camouflage, une stratégie d’adaptation davantage utilisée par les filles. Le camouflage consiste pour l’individu à prétendre être neurotypique, ce qui implique souvent un effort considérable. Cette étude vise à comprendre : (a) si le recours au camouflage a débuté dès le début de l’adolescence, (b) comment les composantes du camouflage (assimilation, masquage et compensation) se manifestent à cet âge, (c) si l’âge prédit le camouflage et (d) quelle est sa relation avec la santé mentale. Méthodes Méthodes participatives : une équipe de coproduction composée de 15 femmes neurodivergentes adultes a coproduit le projet et a classé le camouflage comme son thème de recherche le plus important. Étude principale : les participantes étaient 119 filles (70 neurodivergentes, 49 neurotypiques) âgées de 11 à 14 ans. Une approche transdiagnostique a été adoptée et le groupe neurodivergent présentait un diagnostic d’autisme, de TDAH et/ou de TDC. Les filles ont rempli des mesures autoévaluées du camouflage, de l’anxiété et de la dépression lors d’une réunion en ligne avec une chercheuse. Résultats Les filles neurodivergentes et neurotypiques présentaient des résultats similaires pour deux composantes du camouflage, à savoir le masquage et la compensation, des composantes liées au fait de se présenter d’une manière socialement acceptable et au mimétisme. Les groupes différaient pour la composante d’assimilation, qui est liée au fait d’essayer de s’intégrer et implique les sentiments de faire semblant/de jouer un rôle. L’âge avait un effet moyen sur le camouflage, des niveaux plus élevés de camouflage étant observés chez les filles plus âgées. Les scores de camouflage prédisaient fortement les scores d’anxiété et de dépression dans les deux groupes. Conclusions Le recours au camouflage, en particulier à l’assimilation, est manifeste dans un échantillon transdiagnostique de filles neurodivergentes âgées de 11 à 14 ans. Il importe de noter que la forte relation entre le camouflage et une mauvaise santé mentale est présente dès ce jeune âge, ce qui étaye les observations de l’équipe de coproduction.

Abstract Background Adolescent girls with diagnoses of autism, ADHD and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at higher risk for mental health problems than boys with the same diagnoses and neurotypical girls. These girls are called neurodivergent here, though neurodivergence includes a broader range of diagnoses. One possible reason for this mental health disparity could be camouflaging, a coping strategy used more by girls. Camouflaging is when the individual pretends to be neurotypical, often involving substantial effort. This study aims to understand: (a) if the use of camouflaging has started by early adolescence, (b) how components of camouflaging (assimilation, masking, and compensation) present at this age, (c) if age predicts camouflaging and (d) what is the relationship with mental health. Methods Participatory methods: A co‐production team of 15 adult neurodivergent women co‐produced the project and ranked camouflaging as their most important research theme. Main Study: Participants were 119 girls (70 neurodivergent, 49 neurotypical) aged 11–14 years. A transdiagnostic approach was adopted and the neurodivergent group had a diagnosis of autism, ADHD and/or DCD. Girls completed self‐report measures of camouflaging, anxiety, and depression in an online meeting with a researcher. Results Neurodivergent and neurotypical girls presented similarly on two components of camouflaging namely masking and compensation, components related to presenting in a socially acceptable way and mimicry. Groups differed on the assimilation component, which is related to trying to fit in and involves the feelings of pretending/acting. Age had a medium effect on camouflaging with higher levels of camouflaging observed in older girls. Camouflaging scores strongly predicted anxiety and depression scores in both groups. Conclusions The use of camouflaging, specifically assimilation, is evident in a transdiagnostic sample of 11–14 year old neurodivergent girls. Importantly, the strong relationship between camouflaging and poor mental health is present at this early age, substantiating the co‐production team's insights.

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Références citées
83
Avec un DOI
75
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
8
13 / 83 (15,7 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
5 / 83 (6,0 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
78 / 83 (94,0 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
5
Sans titre structuré
4
Sans identifiant stable
8
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
3
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
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Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
411
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
411
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
3
173 / 411 (42,1 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 238 / 411 (57,9 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
25 / 411 (6,1 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 25 / 173 (14,5 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 22 / 334 (6,6 %).
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