Exploration des expériences psychosociales d’adultes autistes influençant les débuts, la continuité et les changements du camouflage au fil du temps : une étude qualitative à Singapour

Titre original en anglais : Exploring autistic adults’ psychosocial experiences affecting beginnings, continuity and change in camouflaging over time: A qualitative study in Singapore

Sources de métadonnées utilisées pour cette référence

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
En savoir plus sur les sources utilisées

Loo, B. R. Y., Teo, T. J. Y., Liang, M. J., Leong, D. j., Tan, D. W., Zhuang, S., Hull, L., Livingston, L. A., Mandy, W., Happé, F., & Magiati, I. (2023). Exploring autistic adults’ psychosocial experiences affecting beginnings, continuity and change in camouflaging over time: A qualitative study in Singapore. Autism, 28(3), 627-643. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231180075

Date de publication: 10/06/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 22/08/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source OpenAlex Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
11
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 11 (9,1 %)
  1. Beatrice Rui Yi Loo
  2. Truman Jing Yang Teo
  3. Melanie Jiamin Liang
  4. Dawn-joy Leong *
  1. Diana Weiting Tan
  2. Sici Zhuang
  3. Laura Hull
  4. Lucy A Livingston
  1. Will Mandy
  2. Francesca Happé
  3. Iliana Magiati

Résumé

Le camouflage (également désigné comme le masquage ou le fait de passer pour non autiste) consiste à dissimuler ses caractéristiques et différences liées à l’autisme afin de s’adapter dans des situations sociales au sein de sociétés majoritairement non autistes. À ce jour, on sait très peu de choses sur l’évolution au fil du temps des motivations et des stratégies de camouflage, ou sur les facteurs psychosociaux susceptibles d’influencer les choix et les trajectoires de camouflage des personnes autistes. Dans le cadre d’une étude qualitative exploratoire menée dans un contexte socioculturel asiatique, nous avons interrogé 11 adultes autistes singapouriens (9 hommes, 2 femmes, âgés de 22 à 45 ans) sur leurs expériences de camouflage afin de mieux comprendre : (1) leurs motivations et stratégies de camouflage au fil du temps ; et (2) les influences psychosociales associées. Organisés en quatre phases (avant le camouflage, débuts, continuité et changements au fil du temps), 17 thèmes relatifs aux motivations de camouflage et 8 thèmes relatifs aux stratégies ont été identifiés. Les premières motivations de camouflage étaient principalement relationnelles, liées à une identité de soi négative façonnée par des expériences sociales défavorables. Les stratégies de camouflage sont devenues de plus en plus complexes et intégrées au sentiment de soi au fil du temps. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle des pressions psychosociales précipitant le camouflage et soulignent la nécessité de changements individuels et sociétaux, notamment d’évoluer vers une acceptation et une inclusion accrues afin de réduire les pressions psychosociales exercées sur les personnes autistes pour qu’elles se camouflent. Résumé grand public Au cours de leur vie, de nombreuses personnes autistes apprennent à camoufler, c’est-à-dire à dissimuler ou masquer, leurs différences liées à l’autisme afin de nouer des relations, de trouver un emploi et de vivre de manière autonome dans des sociétés largement non autistes. Des adultes autistes ont décrit le camouflage comme une « vie entière de conditionnement... pour agir normalement », impliquant des « années d’efforts », ce qui suggère que le camouflage se développe tout au long de la vie d’une personne autiste et peut commencer tôt, durant l’enfance ou l’adolescence. Pourtant, nous savons très peu de choses sur les raisons et les modalités selon lesquelles les personnes autistes commencent à se camoufler, ou sur les raisons et les modalités selon lesquelles leurs comportements de camouflage se poursuivent ou changent au fil du temps. Nous avons interrogé 11 adultes autistes singapouriens (9 hommes, 2 femmes, âgés de 22 à 45 ans) qui ont fait part de leurs expériences de camouflage. Nous avons constaté que les premières motivations des adultes autistes à se camoufler étaient largement liées au désir de s’intégrer et d’établir des liens avec les autres. Ils se camouflaient également pour éviter des expériences sociales difficiles, telles que les moqueries ou le harcèlement. Les adultes autistes ont indiqué que leurs comportements de camouflage étaient devenus plus complexes et que, pour certains, le camouflage était devenu au fil du temps une partie de leur identité de soi. Nos résultats suggèrent que la société ne devrait pas pathologiser les différences autistiques, mais plutôt accepter et inclure les personnes autistes, afin de réduire la pression exercée sur elles pour qu’elles dissimulent qui elles sont réellement.

Camouflaging (or otherwise referred to as masking or passing) involves hiding one’s autistic-related characteristics and differences to get by in social situations in predominantly non-autistic societies. Very little is known to date about the course of camouflaging motivations and strategies over time or the psychosocial factors that may influence autistic people’s camouflaging choices and trajectories. In an exploratory qualitative study within an Asian sociocultural context, we interviewed 11 Singaporean autistic adults (9 males, 2 females, aged 22–45 years) about their camouflaging experiences to better understand (1) their camouflaging motivations and strategies over time, and (2) related psychosocial influences. Organised across four phases (pre-camouflaging, beginnings, continuity and change over time), 17 themes relating to camouflaging motivations and 8 themes relating to strategies were identified. The earliest camouflaging motivations were predominantly relational, linked to a negative self-identity that had been shaped by adverse social experiences. Camouflaging strategies became increasingly complex and integrated into one’s sense of self over time. Our findings highlight the role of psychosocial pressures precipitating camouflaging and emphasise the need for individual and societal changes, including moving towards enhanced acceptance and inclusion to reduce psychosocial pressures on autistic people to camouflage. Lay Abstract Over their lifetimes, many autistic people learn to camouflage (hide or mask) their autism-related differences to forge relationships, find work and live independently in largely non-autistic societies. Autistic adults have described camouflaging as a ‘lifetime of conditioning... to act normal’ involving ‘years of effort’, suggesting that camouflaging develops over an autistic person’s lifetime and may start early on, in childhood or adolescence. Yet, we know very little about why and how autistic people start to camouflage, or why and how their camouflaging behaviours continue or change over time. We interviewed 11 Singaporean autistic adults (9 male, 2 female, 22–45 years old) who shared their camouflaging experiences. We found that autistic adults’ earliest motivations to camouflage were largely related to the desire to fit in and connect with others. They also camouflaged to avoid difficult social experiences (such as being teased or bullied). Autistic adults shared that their camouflaging behaviours became more complex and that, for some, camouflaging became a part of their self-identity over time. Our findings suggest that society should not pathologise autistic differences, but instead accept and include autistic people, to reduce the pressure on autistic people to hide who they truly are.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 22/08/2026 23:48.

Références citées
82
Avec un DOI
78
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
3
11 / 82 (13,4 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
2 / 82 (2,4 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
80 / 82 (97,6 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
2
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
3
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
1
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
375
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
375
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
2
143 / 375 (38,1 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 232 / 375 (61,9 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
15 / 375 (4,0 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 15 / 143 (10,5 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 12 / 301 (4,0 %).
  2. Adler P. A., Adler P. (2012). How many qualitative interviews is enough? Expert contribution (Mason J., Barker S. E., Edwards R., Eds., pp. 8–11). National Centre for Research Methods.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  3. Anna-Kaisa Newheiser , Manuela Barreto (2014). Hidden costs of hiding stigma: Ironic interpersonal consequences of concealing a stigmatized identity in social interactions . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 58-70. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.01.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2166023526
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Joyce Davidson , Victoria L. Henderson (2010). ‘Coming out’ on the spectrum: autism, identity and disclosure . Social & Cultural Geography, 11(2), 155-170. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/14649360903525240 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1989287842
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Wei Ai , William A. Cunningham , Meng-Chuan Lai (2022). Reconsidering autistic ‘camouflaging’ as transactional impression management . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(8), 631-645. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.05.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281707972
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. George L. Engel (1977). The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine . Science, 196(4286), 129-136. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1126/science.847460 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2151186028
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Sander Begeer , David S. Mandell , Bernadette Wijnker-Holmes , Stance Venderbosch , Dorien Rem , Fred Stekelenburg et al. (2013). Sex Differences in the Timing of Identification Among Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(5), 1151-1156. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1656-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1990581042
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Sarah Griffiths , Carrie Allison , Rebecca Kenny , Rosemary Holt , Paula Smith , Simon Baron-Cohen (2019). The Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ): A Study of Vulnerability, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction in Autistic Adults . Autism Research, 12(10), 1516-1528. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2162 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2949176131
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. M. Catherine Cappadocia , Jonathan A. Weiss , Debra Pepler (2012). Bullying Experiences Among Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(2), 266-277. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1241-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2034774915
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Jonathan S Beck , Rebecca A Lundwall , Terisa Gabrielsen , Jonathan C Cox , Mikle South (2020). Looking good but feeling bad: “Camouflaging” behaviors and mental health in women with autistic traits . Autism, 24(4), 809-821. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320912147 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3028258828
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Kenneth K. Poon , Sijie Soon , Meng-Ee Wong , Sarinajit Kaur , Joanne Khaw , Zijia Ng et al. (2014). What is school like? Perspectives of Singaporean youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders . International Journal of Inclusive Education, 18(10), 1069-1081. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13603116.2012.693401 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2044294343
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Michelle R. Kandalaft , Nyaz Didehbani , Daniel C. Krawczyk , Tandra T. Allen , Sandra B. Chapman (2013). Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training for Young Adults with High-Functioning Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(1), 34-44. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1544-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2046201394
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Courtney J Bernardin , Timothy Lewis , Debora Bell , Stephen Kanne (2021). Associations between social camouflaging and internalizing symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adolescents . Autism, 25(6), 1580-1591. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361321997284 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3133535198
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Alexandra Leedham , Andrew R. Thompson , Richard Smith , Megan Freeth (2020). ‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood . Autism, 24(1), 135-146. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319853442 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2947577397
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Jodi E. Nuernberger , Joel E. Ringdahl , Kristina K. Vargo , Anna C. Crumpecker , Karl F. Gunnarsson (2013). Using a behavioral skills training package to teach conversation skills to young adults with autism spectrum disorders . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(2), 411-417. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2012.09.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2049684294
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Courtney J. Bernardin , Erica Mason , Timothy Lewis , Stephen Kanne (2021). “You Must Become a Chameleon to Survive”: Adolescent Experiences of Camouflaging . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(12), 4422-4435. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04912-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3133279330
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Iris Schneid , Aviad E. Raz (2020). The mask of autism: Social camouflaging and impression management as coping/normalization from the perspectives of autistic adults . Social Science & Medicine, 248, 112826. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112826 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3003216866
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Jaci C. Huws , Robert S. P. Jones (2008). Diagnosis, disclosure, and having autism: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the perceptions of young people with autism . Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 33(2), 99-107. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13668250802010394 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2072336624
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Derek Bolton , Grant Gillett (2019). The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease . Springer International Publishing.
    Type: Livre DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11899-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4211247312
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Eilidh Cage , Zoe Troxell-Whitman (2020). Understanding the Relationships Between Autistic Identity, Disclosure, and Camouflaging . Autism in Adulthood, 2(4), 334-338. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0016 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3073966041
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Rabi S. Bhagat , Geert Hofstede (2002). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations . The Academy of Management Review, 27(3), 460. Academy of Management.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/4134391 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2081228936
    OpenAlex
  25. Julia Cook , Laura Crane , Laura Hull , Laura Bourne , Will Mandy (2022). Self-reported camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults during everyday social interactions . Autism, 26(2), 406-421. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211026754 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3175040857
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Wei-Chin Hwang , Hector F. Myers , Jennifer Abe-Kim , Julia Y. Ting (2008). A conceptual paradigm for understanding culture's impact on mental health: The cultural influences on mental health (CIMH) model . Clinical Psychology Review, 28(2), 211-227. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.05.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2088489431
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Louise Bradley , Rebecca Shaw , Simon Baron-Cohen , Sarah Cassidy (2021). Autistic Adults' Experiences of Camouflaging and Its Perceived Impact on Mental Health . Autism in Adulthood, 3(4), 320-329. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0071 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3170765972
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Siobhan Tierney , Jan Burns , Elizabeth Kilbey (2016). Looking behind the mask: Social coping strategies of girls on the autistic spectrum . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 23(Suppl. C), 73-83. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2015.11.013 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2252057154
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Harry C. Triandis (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96(3), 506-520. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.506 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2088861238
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Virginia Braun , Victoria Clarke (2021). Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Should I not use TA? Comparing reflexive thematic analysis and other pattern‐based qualitative analytic approaches . Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 37-47. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/capr.12360 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3093223973
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Iliana Magiati , Xiang Wei Tay , Patricia Howlin (2014). Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood . Clinical Psychology Review, 34(1), 73-86. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.11.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2089468865
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Eilidh Cage , Jessica Di Monaco , Victoria Newell (2018). Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 473-484. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3342-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2766434912
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Anna Cook , Jane Ogden , Naomi Winstone (2018). Friendship motivations, challenges and the role of masking for girls with autism in contrasting school settings . European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(3), 302-315. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/08856257.2017.1312797 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2607052951
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Hazel R. Markus , Shinobu Kitayama (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2097780989
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Eilidh Cage , Zoe Troxell-Whitman (2019). Understanding the Reasons, Contexts and Costs of Camouflaging for Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1899-1911. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-03878-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2909219349
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Neil Humphrey , Sarah Lewis (2008). `Make me normal' . Autism, 12(1), 23-46. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361307085267 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2119717901
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Tiffany D. Johnson , Aparna Joshi (2014). Disclosure on the Spectrum: Understanding Disclosure Among Employees on the Autism Spectrum . Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 7(2), 278-281. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/iops.12149 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2150957450
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Greg Guest , Arwen Bunce , Laura Johnson (2006). How Many Interviews Are Enough? Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1525822x05279903 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2129660502
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Rosa A. Hoekstra , Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen , Sally Wheelwright , Meike Bartels , Dorret I. Boomsma , Simon Baron-Cohen et al. (2011). The Construction and Validation of an Abridged Version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Short) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(5), 589-596. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1073-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2130501331
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Sarah Cassidy , Louise Bradley , Rebecca Shaw , Simon Baron-Cohen (2018). Risk markers for suicidality in autistic adults . Molecular Autism, 9(1), 42. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0226-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2887488849
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Ella Perry , Will Mandy , Laura Hull , Eilidh Cage (2022). Understanding Camouflaging as a Response to Autism-Related Stigma: A Social Identity Theory Approach . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(2), 800-810. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04987-w OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3150043110
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Geert Hofstede (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context . Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). Grand Valley State University Libraries - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.9707/2307-0919.1014 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2133535394
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Laura Hull , Lily Levy , Meng-Chuan Lai , K. V. Petrides , Simon Baron-Cohen , Carrie Allison et al. (2021). Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? Molecular Autism, 12(1), 13-13. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3132619758
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Jessica H. Schroeder , M. Catherine Cappadocia , James M. Bebko , Debra J. Pepler , Jonathan A. Weiss (2014). Shedding Light on a Pervasive Problem: A Review of Research on Bullying Experiences Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(7), 1520-1534. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-2011-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2134941715
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Meng-Chuan Lai , Michael Lombardo , Greg Pasco , Amber Ruigrok , Sally J. Wheelwright , Susan A. Sadek et al. (2011). A Behavioral Comparison of Male and Female Adults with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions . PLoS ONE, 6(6), e20835. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020835 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2148661798
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Julia Cook , Laura Crane , Laura Bourne , Laura Hull , Will Mandy (2021). Camouflaging in an everyday social context: An interpersonal recall study . Autism, 25(5), 1444-1456. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361321992641 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3129900907
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Lucy A Livingston , Francesca Happé (2017). Conceptualising compensation in neurodevelopmental disorders: Reflections from autism spectrum disorder . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 729-742. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2714476989
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Julia Cook , Laura Hull , Laura Crane , Will Mandy (2021). Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review . Clinical Psychology Review, 89, 102080. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102080 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3198172085
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Blythe A. Corbett , Jessica M. Schwartzman , Erin J. Libsack , Rachael A. Muscatello , Matthew D Lerner , Grace L. Simmons et al. (2021). Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex‐Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication . Autism Research, 14(1), 127-142. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2440 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3107498375
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Matthew J Hollocks , Jian Wei Lerh , Iliana Magiati , Richard Meiser-Stedman , Traolach Brugha (2019). Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Psychological Medicine, 49(4), 559-572. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002283 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2889987209
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Vivian L. Vignoles , Ellinor Owe , Maja Becker , Peter B. Smith , Matthew J. Easterbrook , Rupert Brown et al. (2016). Beyond the ‘east–west’ dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(8), 966-1000. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/xge0000175 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2474075425
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  54. Serena Cribb , Lorcan Kenny , Elizabeth Pellicano (2019). ‘I definitely feel more in control of my life’: The perspectives of young autistic people and their parents on emerging adulthood . Autism, 23(7), 1765-1781. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319830029 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2918237446
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  56. Michelle Dean , Robin Harwood , Connie Kasari (2017). The art of camouflage: Gender differences in the social behaviors of girls and boys with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 21(6), 678-689. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361316671845 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2559694411
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Patricia Howlin , Iliana Magiati (2017). Autism spectrum disorder . Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30(2), 69-76. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000308 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2569059432
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  59. Noah J. Sasson , Daniel J. Faso , Jack Nugent , Sarah Lovell , Daniel P. Kennedy , Ruth B. Grossman (2017). Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments . Scientific Reports, 7(1), 40700. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/srep40700 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2585989266
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. กุลศิริ อรุณภาคย์ (2012). Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers . Jimbun gakuhō, 3(1), 252-258.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2613932856
    OpenAlex
  61. Laura Hull , K. V. Petrides , Carrie Allison , Paula Smith , Simon Baron-Cohen , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2017). “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(8), 2519-2534. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3166-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2616560149
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. Joanne Halsall , Chris Clarke , Laura Crane (2021). “Camouflaging” by adolescent autistic girls who attend both mainstream and specialist resource classes: Perspectives of girls, their mothers and their educators . Autism, 25(7), 2074-2086. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211012819 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3161750644
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  64. Barbara J. Lehman , Diana M. David , Jennifer A. Gruber (2017). Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: Understanding health as a dynamic system . Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(8). Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12328 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2742392924
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  65. Emeline Han , Melisa Mei Jin Tan , Laura Crane , Helena Legido-Quigley (2021). A qualitative study of autism services and supports in Singapore: Perspectives of service providers, autistic adults and caregivers . Autism, 25(8), 2279-2290. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211016112 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3165307410
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  66. Alicja Jedrzejewska , Jessica Dewey (2022). Camouflaging in Autistic and Non-autistic Adolescents in the Modern Context of Social Media . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(2), 630-646. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04953-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3136678529
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  67. Ann X. Huang , Tammy L. Hughes , Lawrence R. Sutton , Marissa Lawrence , Xiaohan Chen , Zhe Ji et al. (2017). Understanding the Self in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Review of Literature . Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1422-1422. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01422 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2750388080
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  68. Noah J. Sasson , Kerrianne E Morrison (2019). First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers . Autism, 23(1), 50-59. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361317729526 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2766361726
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  69. Hofstede G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations . Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  71. Helen McConachie , Colin Wilson , David Mason , Deborah Garland , Jeremy R. Parr , Alexia Rattazzi et al. (2020). What Is Important in Measuring Quality of Life? Reflections by Autistic Adults in Four Countries . Autism in Adulthood, 2(1), 4-12. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0008 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2974102439
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  72. Laura Hull , Will Mandy , Meng-Chuan Lai , Simon Baron-Cohen , Carrie Allison , Paula Smith et al. (2019). Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 819-833. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2898221520
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  73. Henry Wood-Downie , Bonnie Wong , Hanna Kovshoff , Will Mandy , Laura Hull , Julie A. Hadwin (2021). Sex/Gender Differences in Camouflaging in Children and Adolescents with Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(4), 1353-1364. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04615-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3044619148
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  74. Lucy A Livingston , Punit Shah , Francesca Happé (2019). Compensatory strategies below the behavioural surface in autism: a qualitative study . The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(9), 766-777. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30224-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2963462665
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  75. Laura Hull , K. V. Petrides , Will Mandy (2021). Cognitive Predictors of Self‐Reported Camouflaging in Autistic Adolescents . Autism Research, 14(3), 523-532. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2407 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3091896474
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  76. Arielle Silverman (2019). Contending with Ableism from Internalized Ableism to Collective Action . Dans Ableism (pp. 220-265). Wiley.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1002/9781119142140.ch6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2971107097
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  77. Lucy A Livingston , Punit Shah , Victoria Milner , Francesca Happé (2020). Quantifying compensatory strategies in adults with and without diagnosed autism . Molecular Autism, 11(1), 15-15. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0308-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2995930586
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  79. (2020). DETERMINING THE SAMPLE SIZE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH . International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on the Dialogue between Sciences & Arts, Religion & Education, 4(4). IFIASA (Ideas Forum International Academic and Scientific Association).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.26520/mcdsare.2020.4.181-187 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3134312897
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  80. Jane Ritchie , Liz Spencer (2010). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research . Dans Analyzing qualitative data (pp. 173-194). Taylor & Francis.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.4324/9780203413081_chapter_9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4248854933
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  81. Wikke J. van der Putten , Joost A. Agelink van Rentergem , Tulsi A. Radhoe , Carolien Torenvliet , Annabeth P. Groenman , Audrey J.J. Mol et al. (2023). How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 100, 102072. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4309591662
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  82. Ritchie J. (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers . Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers.
    Type: Autre
    Crossref