L’auto-compassion comme antidote à l’auto-stigmatisation et à la honte chez les adultes autistes

Titre original en anglais : Self-compassion as an antidote to self-stigma and shame in autistic adults

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Riebel, M., Bureau, R., Rohmer, O., Clément, C., & Weiner, L. (2025). Self-compassion as an antidote to self-stigma and shame in autistic adults. Autism, 29(6), 1569-1584. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251316965

Publication date: 17/02/2025 Ajout dans AutiHub: 11/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Marie Riebel
  2. Raven Bureau *
  3. Odile Rohmer
  4. Céline Clément
  5. Luisa Weiner

Résumé

Les personnes autistes sont fréquemment exposées à des attitudes stigmatisantes et à la discrimination. Par l’expérience vécue d’attitudes stigmatisantes, les personnes autistes peuvent intérioriser les stéréotypes négatifs associés à l’autisme. Ce phénomène est connu sous le nom d’auto-stigmatisation. Dans les populations non autistes, l’auto-stigmatisation est associée à la honte et à des issues négatives en matière de santé mentale. Dans cette étude, nous visons à mieux comprendre les issues de santé mentale associées à l’auto-stigmatisation dans l’autisme et à examiner si et comment l’auto-compassion, comparativement au camouflage, peut protéger de l’auto-stigmatisation chez les personnes autistes. À cette fin, 689 adultes ayant déclaré un diagnostic d’autisme ont été recrutés en ligne et ont rempli des questionnaires auto-rapportés portant sur l’auto-stigmatisation (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale–9 items), l’auto-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale–short form), la dépression (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21) et le camouflage (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire). Nous avons réalisé une analyse de médiation et une analyse de médiation modérée. Nos résultats indiquent que l’auto-stigmatisation est très fréquente chez les adultes autistes (45.5 %), corrélée à la dépression (ρ (687) = 0.437, p < 0.001) et que la honte intériorisée médie la relation entre l’auto-stigmatisation et les symptômes dépressifs (b = 1.48, intervalle de confiance à 95 % = (1.11, 1.94)). L’auto-compassion modère cette médiation (effet indirect, IE = −0.305, intervalle de confiance à 95 % = (0.601, 0.014), β = 0.183, z = 2.012, p = 0.044), tandis que le camouflage ne la modère pas (IE = 0.003, intervalle de confiance à 95 % = (0.009, 0.015), β = 0.0531, z = 0.514, p = 0.607). Ces résultats mettent en évidence l’effet protecteur de l’auto-compassion sur les impacts négatifs de l’auto-stigmatisation chez les personnes autistes. Les recherches futures devraient examiner comment adapter les interventions existantes centrées sur la compassion et évaluer leur faisabilité et leur efficacité afin de réduire l’auto-stigmatisation et la honte dans les populations autistes. Résumé non technique Que sait-on déjà sur le sujet ? Les personnes autistes sont fréquemment exposées à des attitudes stigmatisantes et à la discrimination. Les stéréotypes négatifs concernant l’autisme, tels que la dangerosité ou l’incapacité à travailler, sont très fréquents dans nos sociétés. Par l’exposition à ces idées stigmatisantes, les personnes autistes peuvent intérioriser ces idées et commencer à croire qu’elles sont vraies à leur sujet. Il s’agit de l’auto-stigmatisation. Des recherches antérieures menées auprès de personnes non autistes indiquent que l’auto-stigmatisation peut amener les personnes à avoir honte de qui elles sont et détériorer leur santé mentale. Qu’apporte cet article ? Dans cet article, nous avons constaté que l’auto-stigmatisation chez les personnes autistes accroît les symptômes dépressifs par l’intermédiaire de sentiments de honte. Nous avons ensuite montré que se rapporter à soi-même avec compassion – c’est-à-dire être bienveillant envers soi-même (bienveillance), être conscient de ses sentiments et de ses pensées (conscience attentive) et réaliser que tout le monde ressent de la douleur et fait des erreurs (humanité commune) – aide à réduire les conséquences négatives de l’auto-stigmatisation sur la santé mentale. Nous avons également démontré que le camouflage ne modifie pas l’impact de l’auto-stigmatisation sur la santé mentale. Implications pour la pratique, la recherche ou les politiques ? Puisque l’auto-compassion peut protéger contre les effets négatifs de l’auto-stigmatisation, les recherches futures devraient examiner comment adapter les interventions existantes centrées sur la compassion et évaluer leur faisabilité et leur efficacité afin de réduire l’auto-stigmatisation et la honte chez les personnes autistes.

Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Through the lived experience of stigmatizing attitudes, autistic people can internalize the negative stereotypes associated with autism. This phenomenon is known as self-stigma. In non-autistic populations, self-stigma is associated with shame and negative mental health outcomes. In this study, we aim to better understand the mental health outcomes associated with self-stigma in autism and to investigate whether and how self-compassion compared to camouflaging may protect from self-stigma in autistic individuals. For this purpose, 689 adults who reported a diagnosis of autism were recruited online and completed self-reported questionnaires for self-stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale–9 items), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale–short form), depression (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21) and camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire). We conducted mediation analysis and moderated mediation analysis. Our results indicate that self-stigma is highly prevalent in autistic adults (45.5%), correlated to depression (ρ (687) = 0.437, p < 0.001) and that internalized shame mediates the relationship between self-stigma and depressive symptoms (b = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = (1.11, 1.94)). Self-compassion moderates this mediation (Indirect Effect, IE = −0.305, 95% confidence interval = (0.601, 0.014), β = 0.183, z = 2.012, p = 0.044), whereas camouflaging does not (IE = 0.003, 95% confidence interval = (0.009, 0.015), β = 0.0531, z = 0.514, p = 0.607). These results highlight the protective effect of self-compassion on the negative impacts of self-stigma in autistic individuals. Future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic populations. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic? Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Negative stereotypes about autism, such as dangerousness or inability to work, are very frequent in our societies. Through exposure to these stigmatizing ideas, autistic people can internalize these ideas and begin to believe them to be true about themselves. This is self-stigma. Past research conducted with non-autistic individuals indicate that self-stigma can lead people to feel ashamed of who they are and deteriorate their mental health. What this paper adds? In this paper, we found that self-stigma in autistic people increases depressive symptoms through feelings of shame. We then showed that relating to self with compassion – that is, to be friendly towards oneself (kindness), be aware of one’s feelings and thoughts (mindful awareness) and realize that everyone feels pain and makes mistakes (common humanity) – helps reducing the negatives consequences of self-stigma on mental health. We also demonstrated that camouflaging does not modify the impact of self-stigma on mental health. Implications for practice, research or policy? Because self-compassion can protect from the negative effects of self-stigma, future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic people.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 13/09/2026 01:05.

Références citées
146
Avec un DOI
137
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
6
7 / 146 (4,8 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
3 / 146 (2,1 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
143 / 146 (97,9 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
3
Sans titre structuré
2
Sans identifiant stable
6
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
2
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
533
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
533
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
4
113 / 533 (21,2 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 420 / 533 (78,8 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
9 / 533 (1,7 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 9 / 113 (8,0 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 8 / 464 (1,7 %).
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