Self-compassion as an antidote to self-stigma and shame in autistic adults

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Riebel, M., Bureau, R., Rohmer, O., Clément, C., & Weiner, L. (2025). Self-compassion as an antidote to self-stigma and shame in autistic adults. Autism, 29(6), 1569-1584. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251316965

Publication date: 17 Feb 2025 Added to AutiHub: 11 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 5 (20.0%)
  1. Marie Riebel
  2. Raven Bureau *
  3. Odile Rohmer
  4. Céline Clément
  5. Luisa Weiner

Abstract

Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Through the lived experience of stigmatizing attitudes, autistic people can internalize the negative stereotypes associated with autism. This phenomenon is known as self-stigma. In non-autistic populations, self-stigma is associated with shame and negative mental health outcomes. In this study, we aim to better understand the mental health outcomes associated with self-stigma in autism and to investigate whether and how self-compassion compared to camouflaging may protect from self-stigma in autistic individuals. For this purpose, 689 adults who reported a diagnosis of autism were recruited online and completed self-reported questionnaires for self-stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale–9 items), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale–short form), depression (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21) and camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire). We conducted mediation analysis and moderated mediation analysis. Our results indicate that self-stigma is highly prevalent in autistic adults (45.5%), correlated to depression (ρ (687) = 0.437, p < 0.001) and that internalized shame mediates the relationship between self-stigma and depressive symptoms (b = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = (1.11, 1.94)). Self-compassion moderates this mediation (Indirect Effect, IE = −0.305, 95% confidence interval = (0.601, 0.014), β = 0.183, z = 2.012, p = 0.044), whereas camouflaging does not (IE = 0.003, 95% confidence interval = (0.009, 0.015), β = 0.0531, z = 0.514, p = 0.607). These results highlight the protective effect of self-compassion on the negative impacts of self-stigma in autistic individuals. Future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic populations. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic? Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Negative stereotypes about autism, such as dangerousness or inability to work, are very frequent in our societies. Through exposure to these stigmatizing ideas, autistic people can internalize these ideas and begin to believe them to be true about themselves. This is self-stigma. Past research conducted with non-autistic individuals indicate that self-stigma can lead people to feel ashamed of who they are and deteriorate their mental health. What this paper adds? In this paper, we found that self-stigma in autistic people increases depressive symptoms through feelings of shame. We then showed that relating to self with compassion – that is, to be friendly towards oneself (kindness), be aware of one’s feelings and thoughts (mindful awareness) and realize that everyone feels pain and makes mistakes (common humanity) – helps reducing the negatives consequences of self-stigma on mental health. We also demonstrated that camouflaging does not modify the impact of self-stigma on mental health. Implications for practice, research or policy? Because self-compassion can protect from the negative effects of self-stigma, future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic people.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 01:05.

Cited references
146
With a DOI
137
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
6
7 / 146 (4.8%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
3 / 146 (2.1%)
References with detected author names
143 / 146 (97.9%)
Without detected author names
3
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
6
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
533
From DOI or external metadata
533
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
4
112 / 533 (21.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 421 / 533 (79.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
9 / 533 (1.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 9 / 112 (8.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 8 / 464 (1.7%).
  1. Ivan Nyklı́ček , Lydia Temoshok , A.J.J.M. Vingerhoets (2004). Emotional Expression and Health: Advances in Theory, Assessment and Clinical Applications .
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W657540596
    OpenAlex
  2. Dawn Adams , Kate Young (2021). A systematic review of the perceived barriers and facilitators to accessing psychological treatment for mental health problems in individuals on the autism spectrum. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8(4), 436-453. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-020-00226-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3094212365
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Sarah‐Jane Winders , Orlagh Murphy , Kathy Looney , Gary O'Reilly (2020). Self‐compassion, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review . Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 27(3), 300-329. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2429 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3002432917
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. PATRICK W. CORRIGAN , JONATHON E. LARSON , NICOLAS RÜSCH (2009). Self‐stigma and the “why try” effect: impact on life goals and evidence‐based practices . World Psychiatry, 8(2), 75-81. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00218.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1498823917
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Melissa Anderson-Chavarria (2022). The autism predicament: models of autism and their impact on autistic identity . Disability & Society, 37(8), 1321-1341. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2021.1877117 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3133441695
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Lisa Wood , Rory Byrne , Anthony P Morrison (2017). An Integrative Cognitive Model of Internalized Stigma in Psychosis . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(6), 545-560. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s1352465817000224 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2613349285
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. EMMANUELLE GODEAU , CÉLINE VIGNES , MARIANE SENTENAC , VIRGINIE EHLINGER , FÉLIX NAVARRO , HÉLÈNE GRANDJEAN et al. (2010). Improving attitudes towards children with disabilities in a school context: a cluster randomized intervention study . Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(10), e236-42. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03731.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1508307859
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Benoite Aubé , Alice Follenfant , Sébastien Goudeau , Cyrielle Derguy (2021). Public Stigma of Autism Spectrum Disorder at School: Implicit Attitudes Matter . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(5), 1584-1597. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04635-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3048877058
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Celia Ching Yee Wong , C. Raymond Knee , Clayton Neighbors , Michael J. Zvolensky (2019). Hacking Stigma by Loving Yourself: a Mediated-Moderation Model of Self-Compassion and Stigma . Mindfulness, 10(3), 415-433. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-0984-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2810436687
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Jaci C. Huws , Robert S. P. Jones (2011). Missing voices: representations of autism in British newspapers, 1999–2008 . British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(2), 98-104. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2010.00624.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1530959596
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Christian J. Bachmann , Juliana Höfer , Inge Kamp-Becker , Charlotte Küpper , Luise Poustka , Stefan Roepke et al. (2019). Internalised stigma in adults with autism: A German multi-center survey . Psychiatry Research, 276, 94-99. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.023 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2941655113
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Grayson N. Holmbeck (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599-610. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.65.4.599 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2044773838
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Henri Tajfel , John C. Turner (2004). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior . In Political Psychology (pp. 276-293). Psychology Press.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.4324/9780203505984-16 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1799750435
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Baeyens D. Moniquet A. Danckaerts M. Van Den Oord S. (2017). [A comparative study of the structural stigmatisation of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder in Flemish newspapers]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie 59(5) 269–277. https://europepmc.org/article/med/28593620
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  15. Nicolas Rüsch , Patrick W. Corrigan , Karsten Heekeren , Anastasia Theodoridou , Diane Dvorsky , Sibylle Metzler et al. (2014). Well-Being Among Persons at Risk of Psychosis: The Role of Self-Labeling, Shame, and Stigma Stress . Psychiatric Services, 65(4), 483-489. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300169 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2153458260
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Ulli Zessin , Oliver Dickhäuser , Sven Garbade (2015). The Relationship Between Self‐Compassion and Well‐Being: A Meta‐Analysis . Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 7(3), 340-364. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12051 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1823723010
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Nancy Bagatell (2007). Orchestrating voices: autism, identity and the power of discourse . Disability & Society, 22(4), 413-426. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687590701337967 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2035465080
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. T. A. M. McDonald (2020). Correction to: Discriminative and Criterion Validity of the Autism Spectrum Identity Scale (ASIS) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(1), 340-341. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04228-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2978019523
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  19. Andrew F. Hayes (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach .
    Type: Book OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1849190772
    OpenAlex
  20. Lisa J. Barney , Kathleen M. Griffiths , Helen Christensen , Anthony F. Jorm (2010). The Self‐Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS): development and psychometric evaluation of a new instrument . International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 19(4), 243-254. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/mpr.325 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2153186460
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Gloria Mittmann , Beate Schrank , Verena Steiner-Hofbauer (2024). Portrayal of autism in mainstream media – a scoping review about representation, stigmatisation and effects on consumers in non-fiction and fiction media . Current Psychology, 43(9), 8008-8017. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04959-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4385074842
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Paul Gilbert (2000). The relationship of shame, social anxiety and depression: the role of the evaluation of social rank . Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 7(3), 174-189. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/1099-0879(200007)7:3<174::aid-cpp236>3.0.co;2-u OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1970887283
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. Reuben M. Baron , David A. Kenny (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1971440513
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Sandra Thom-Jones * , Valerie Harwood (2009). Representations of autism in Australian print media . Disability & Society, 24(1), 5-18. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687590802535345 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2156791788
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Simon Baron-Cohen (2017). Editorial Perspective: Neurodiversity – a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(6), 744-747. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12703 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2614229743
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. James N. Kirby , Paul Gilbert (2019). Commentary Regarding Wilson et al. (2018) “Effectiveness of ‘Self-Compassion’ Related Therapies: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” All Is Not as It Seems . Mindfulness, 10(6), 1006-1016. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1088-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2914294588
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. Andrew F. Hayes (2015). An Index and Test of Linear Moderated Mediation . Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1-22. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2014.962683 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1976441470
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Aspa Baroutsis , Carolin Eckert , Siobhan Newman , Dawn Adams (2023). How is autism portrayed in news media? A content analysis of Australian newspapers articles from 2016–2018 . Disability & Society, 38(6), 963-986. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2021.1971067 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3204368536
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. James D. Livingston , Jennifer E. Boyd (2010). Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Social Science & Medicine, 71(12), 2150-2161. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.030 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2007929014
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Jessica J. Staniland , Mitchell K. Byrne (2013). The Effects of a Multi-Component Higher-Functioning Autism Anti-Stigma Program on Adolescent Boys . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(12), 2816-2829. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1829-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1977057013
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Jonathan S Beck , Rebecca A Lundwall , Terisa Gabrielsen , Jonathan C Cox , Mikle South (2020). Looking good but feeling bad: “Camouflaging” behaviors and mental health in women with autistic traits . Autism, 24(4), 809-821. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320912147 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3028258828
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Eilidh Cage , Jessica Di Monaco , Victoria Newell (2019). Understanding, attitudes and dehumanisation towards autistic people . Autism, 23(6), 1373-1383. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318811290 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2901663576
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Isabelle Durand-Zaleski , Jan Scott , Frédéric Rouillon , Marion Leboyer (2012). A first national survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and autism in France . BMC Psychiatry, 12(1), 128. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-128 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1980923308
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Courtney J Bernardin , Timothy Lewis , Debora Bell , Stephen Kanne (2021). Associations between social camouflaging and internalizing symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adolescents . Autism, 25(6), 1580-1591. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361321997284 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3133535198
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Alice Ross , Rachel Grove , John McAloon (2023). The relationship between camouflaging and mental health in autistic children and adolescents . Autism Research, 16(1), 190-199. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2859 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4309766221
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Howard M Schachter , Alberta Girardi , Mylan Ly , Denise Lacroix , Andrew B Lumb , Judith van Berkom et al. (2008). Effects of school-based interventions on mental health stigmatization: a systematic review . Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2(1), 18-18. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-2-18 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1983965353
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Angus MacBeth , Andrew Gumley (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology . Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545-552. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2165275598
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. Erika J. Wolf , Kelly M. Harrington , Shaunna L. Clark , Mark W. Miller (2013). Sample Size Requirements for Structural Equation Models . Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(6), 913-934. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0013164413495237 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1986234982
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Marie Riebel , Luisa Weiner (2023). Feasibility and Acceptability of Group Compassion-Focused Therapy to Treat the Consequences of Childhood Maltreatment in People With Psychiatric Disorders in France . Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 211(5), 393-401. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001603 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4364353644
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. David R. Williams , Ruth Williams-Morris (2000). Racism and Mental Health: The African American experience . Ethnicity & Health, 5(3-4), 243-268. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/713667453 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1995842621
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. P.F. Lovibond , S.H. Lovibond (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories . Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2141674457
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Feryal Cam Celikel , Samet Kose , Unal Erkorkmaz , Kemal Sayar , Birgul Elbozan Cumurcu , C. Robert Cloninger (2010). Alexithymia and temperament and character model of personality in patients with major depressive disorder . Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(1), 64-70. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.02.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2001083496
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Simon M Bury , Darren Hedley , Mirko Uljarević , Xia Li , Mark A Stokes , Sander Begeer (2024). Employment profiles of autistic people: An 8-year longitudinal study . Autism, 28(9), 2322-2333. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613231225798 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4391053323
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Steven K. Kapp * , Kristen Gillespie-Lynch , Lauren E. Sherman , Ted Hutman (2013). Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity. Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 59-71. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/a0028353 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2124715426
    AutiHub · Autistic Autism Scholarship Project Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Robert C. Butler , Jennifer M. Gillis (2011). The Impact of Labels and Behaviors on the Stigmatization of Adults with Asperger’s Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(6), 741-749. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1093-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2007300127
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Simon M Bury , Rachel Jellett , Jennifer R. Spoor , Darren Hedley (2023). “It Defines Who I Am” or “It’s Something I Have”: What Language Do [Autistic] Australian Adults [on the Autism Spectrum] Prefer? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 677-687. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04425-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3007056653
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Kerrianne E. Morrison , Amy E. Pinkham , David L. Penn , Skylar Kelsven , Kelsey Ludwig , Noah J. Sasson (2017). Distinct profiles of social skill in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia . Autism Research, 10(5), 878-887. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1734 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2581559915
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. Brian A. Feinstein , Joanne Davila , Athena Yoneda (2012). Self-concept and self-stigma in lesbians and gay men . Psychology and Sexuality, 3(2), 161-177. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2011.592543 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2013785681
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Joana Cabral , Tiago Miguel Pinto (2023). Gender, Shame, and Social Support in LGBTQI+ Exposed to Discrimination: A Model for Understanding the Impact on Mental Health . Social Sciences, 12(8), 454. MDPI AG.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3390/socsci12080454 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4385840105
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Nicolas Rüsch , Aurelia Hölzer , Christiane Hermann , Elisabeth Schramm , Gitta A. Jacob , Martin Bohus et al. (2006). Self-Stigma in Women With Borderline Personality Disorder and Women With Social Phobia . Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 194(10), 766-773. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000239898.48701.dc OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2023574916
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  54. Sally S. Dickerson , Tara L. Gruenewald , Margaret E. Kemeny (2009). Psychobiological Responses to Social Self Threat: Functional or Detrimental? Self and Identity, 8(2-3), 270-285. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/15298860802505186 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2013916061
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. Eilidh Cage , Jessica Di Monaco , Victoria Newell (2018). Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 473-484. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3342-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2766434912
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  56. Anja Hilbert , Elmar Braehler , Ricarda Schmidt , Bernd Löwe , Winfried Häuser , Markus Zenger (2015). Self-Compassion as a Resource in the Self-Stigma Process of Overweight and Obese Individuals . Obesity Facts, 8(5), 293-301. S. Karger AG.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1159/000438681 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2177040549
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  57. Nicolas Rüsch , Patrick W. Corrigan , Karina Powell , Anita Rajah , Manfred Olschewski , Sandra Wilkniss et al. (2009). A stress-coping model of mental illness stigma: II. Emotional stress responses, coping behavior and outcome . Schizophrenia Research, 110(1-3), 65-71. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.01.005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2018398750
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Max Henderson , Samantha K Brooks , Lilliana del Busso , Trudie Chalder , Samuel Harvey * , Matthew Hotopf et al. (2012). Shame! Self-stigmatisation as an obstacle to sick doctors returning to work: a qualitative study . BMJ Open, 2(5), e001776. BMJ.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001776 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2067949724
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  59. Jonathan M Campbell , Jane E Ferguson , Caitlin V Herzinger , Jennie N Jackson , Christine A Marino (2004). Combined descriptive and explanatory information improves peers’ perceptions of autism . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25(4), 321-339. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.01.005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2023387123
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. Eilidh Cage , Zoe Troxell-Whitman (2019). Understanding the Reasons, Contexts and Costs of Camouflaging for Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1899-1911. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-03878-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2909219349
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Ru Ying Cai , Lydia Brown (2021). Cultivating Self-Compassion to Improve Mental Health in Autistic Adults . Autism in Adulthood, 3(3), 230-237. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0034 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3099379344
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  62. David Mason , James Acland , Eloise Stark , Francesca Happé , Debbie Spain (2023). Compassion-focused therapy with autistic adults . Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1267968-1267968. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1267968 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4388194776
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. David M. Frost , Keren Lehavot , Ilan H. Meyer (2015). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minority individuals . Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 1-8. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10865-013-9523-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2024493206
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  64. Ru Ying Cai , Vicki Gibbs , Abigail Love , Ainslie Robinson , Lawrence K. Fung , Lydia Brown (2023). “Self-compassion changed my life”: The self-compassion experiences of autistic and non-autistic adults and its relationship with mental health and psychological wellbeing . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(3), 1066-1081. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05668-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4288707166
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  65. Michael King , Sokratis Dinos , Jenifer Shaw , Robert Watson , Scott Stevens , Filippo Passetti et al. (2007). The Stigma Scale: development of a standardised measure of the stigma of mental illness . British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(3), 248-254. Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024638 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2123149156
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  66. Paul. Gilbert , Kirsten. McEwan , Chris. Irons , Rakhee. Bhundia , Rachael. Christie , Claire. Broomhead et al. (2010). Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank . British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(4), 563-576. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1348/014466509x479771 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2030095275
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  67. Ru Ying Cai , Abigail Love , Ainslie Robinson , Vicki Gibbs (2023). The Inter-Relationship of Emotion Regulation, Self-Compassion, and Mental Health in Autistic Adults . Autism in Adulthood, 5(3), 335-342. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0068 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4318486647
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  68. June P. Tangney , Patricia Wagner , Richard Gramzow (1992). Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(3), 469-478. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.101.3.469 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2030538484
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  69. Tyla J. Callow , Robyn L. Moffitt , David L. Neumann (2021). External shame and its association with depression and anxiety: the moderating role of self-compassion . Australian Psychologist, 56(1), 70-80. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1890984 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3133741070
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  70. Oren Shtayermman (2009). An Exploratory Study of the Stigma Associated With a Diagnosis of Asperger's Syndrome: The Mental Health Impact on the Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed With a Disability With a Social Nature . Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 19(3), 298-313. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/10911350902790720 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2034287721
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  71. Meng-Chuan Lai , Caroline Kassee , Richard Besney , Sarah Bonato , Laura Hull , Will Mandy et al. (2019). Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis . The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 819-829. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30289-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2936336589
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  72. Sarah Cassidy , Louise Bradley , Rebecca Shaw , Simon Baron-Cohen (2018). Risk markers for suicidality in autistic adults . Molecular Autism, 9(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0226-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2887488849
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  73. Kristopher J. Preacher , Andrew F. Hayes (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models . Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/brm.40.3.879 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2038702827
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  74. John Galvin , Gareth Richards (2023). The indirect effect of self-compassion in the association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression: A cross-sectional study in autistic and non-autistic adults . Autism, 27(5), 1256-1270. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221132109 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4308368304
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  75. Jason B Luoma , Melissa G Platt (2015). Shame, self-criticism, self-stigma, and compassion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy . Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 97-101. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.016 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2041656200
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  76. Caroline Christian , Julia K. Nicholas , Taylor E. Penwell , Cheri A. Levinson (2023). Profiles of experienced and internalized weight-based stigma in college students across the weight spectrum: Associations with eating disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms . Eating Behaviors, 50, 101772. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101772 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4380201031
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  77. Meredith L. Terry , Mark R. Leary (2011). Self-compassion, self-regulation, and health . Self and Identity, 10(3), 352-362. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2011.558404 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2042435791
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  78. Seonaid Cleare , Andrew Gumley , Rory C. O'Connor (2019). Self‐compassion, self‐forgiveness, suicidal ideation, and self‐harm: A systematic review . Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(5), 511-530. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2372 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2942818411
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  79. Bruce G. Link , Jo C. Phelan (2001). Conceptualizing Stigma . Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 363-385. Annual Reviews.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4213367093
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  80. Julia cook , Laura Hull , Laura Crane , Will Mandy (2021). Camouflaging in autism: A systematic review . Clinical Psychology Review, 89(102), 102080. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102080 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3198172085
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  81. Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon , Shir Ehrlich-Ben Or , Kobi Vahab , Revital Amiaz , Mark Weiser , David Roe (2012). Insight into mental illness and self-stigma: The mediating role of shame proneness . Psychiatry Research, 200(2-3), 802-806. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.038 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2066047229
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  82. Ting Zhou , Yiting Wang , Chunli Yi (2018). Affiliate stigma and depression in caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in China: Effects of self-esteem, shame and family functioning . Psychiatry Research, 264, 260-265. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.071 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2795761333
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  83. Allison B. Cunningham , Laura Schreibman (2008). Stereotypy in autism: The importance of function . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2(3), 469-479. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.09.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2066709245
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  84. Patrick W. Corrigan , Jennifer Rafacz , Nicolas Rüsch (2011). Examining a progressive model of self-stigma and its impact on people with serious mental illness . Psychiatry Research, 189(3), 339-343. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.024 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2091484316
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  85. Paul Gilbert (1998). What is Shame? Some Core Issues and Controversies . In Shame (pp. 3-38). Oxford University PressNew York, NY.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780195114799.003.0001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2550075882
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  86. Patrick W. Corrigan , Amy C. Watson (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 35-53. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/clipsy.9.1.35 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2126724189
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  87. Fangsong Liu , Zilan Ye , Harold Chui , Eddie S.K. Chong (2023). Effect of perceived public stigma on internalized homophobia, anticipated stigma, shame, and guilt: Outness as a moderator . Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 26(2), 187-198. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12552 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4294724172
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  88. Sally S. Dickerson , Tara L. Gruenewald , Margaret E. Kemeny (2004). When the Social Self Is Threatened: Shame, Physiology, and Health . Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1191-1216. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00295.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2070146659
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  89. Corrigan P. W. (2006). The self-stigma of mental illness: Implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation at Evanston Northwestern Healthcare . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(9), 878.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  90. Mickaël Jury , Anne-Laure Perrin , Caroline Desombre , Odile Rohmer (2021). Teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder: Impact of students’ difficulties . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 83, 101746. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101746 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3135624221
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  91. Catriona Craig , Syd Hiskey , Aimee Spector (2020). Compassion focused therapy: a systematic review of its effectiveness and acceptability in clinical populations . Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 20(4), 385-400. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1746184 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3011072785
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  92. Marie Riebel , Agata Krasny-Pacini , Rumen Manolov , Odile Rohmer , Luisa Weiner (2024). Compassion focused therapy for self-stigma and shame in autism: a single case pre-experimental study . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1281428-1281428. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1281428 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4390665459
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  93. Sangmoon Kim , Ryan Thibodeau , Randall S. Jorgensen (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 68-96. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/a0021466 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2092317097
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  94. Cláudia Ferreira , Mariana Moura-Ramos , Marcela Matos , Ana Galhardo (2022). A new measure to assess external and internal shame: development, factor structure and psychometric properties of the External and Internal Shame Scale . Current Psychology, 41(4), 1892-1901. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00709-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3013617857
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  95. Jennifer Boyd Ritsher , Jo C. Phelan (2004). Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients . Psychiatry Research, 129(3), 257-265. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.08.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2103860201
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  96. Denise Davidson , Elizabeth Hilvert , Ieva Misiunaite , Michael Giordano (2018). Proneness to guilt, shame, and pride in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and neurotypical children . Autism Research, 11(6), 883-892. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1937 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2793759593
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  97. Benjamin Zablotsky , Catherine P Bradshaw , Connie M Anderson , Paul Law (2014). Risk factors for bullying among children with autism spectrum disorders . Autism, 18(4), 419-427. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361313477920 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2108015902
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  98. Denise Davidson , Sandra B. Vanegas , Elizabeth Hilvert (2017). Proneness to Self-Conscious Emotions in Adults With and Without Autism Traits . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3392-3404. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3260-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2741483580
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  99. Ella Perry , Will Mandy , Laura Hull , Eilidh Cage (2022). Understanding Camouflaging as a Response to Autism-Related Stigma: A Social Identity Theory Approach . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(2), 800-810. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04987-w OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3150043110
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  100. Kristin D. Neff , Kristin L. Kirkpatrick , Stephanie S. Rude (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning . Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139-154. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2109383162
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  101. Paul A. Frewen , Ruth A. Lanius , David J. A. Dozois , Richard W. J. Neufeld , Clare Pain , James W. Hopper et al. (2008). Clinical and neural correlates of alexithymia in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(1), 171-181. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.171 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2110480190
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  102. Dubreucq J. , Franck N. (2019). Neural and cognitive correlates of stigma and social rejection in individuals with Serious Mental Illness (SMI): A systematic review of the literature . Psychiatry Research, 274, 146-158. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.023 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2914019632
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  103. Julien Dubreucq , Julien Plasse , Nicolas Franck (2021). Self-stigma in Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review of Frequency, Correlates, and Consequences . Schizophrenia Bulletin, 47(5), 1261-1287. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa181 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3123367432
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  104. J. Dubreucq , J. Plasse , F. Gabayet , M. Faraldo , O. Blanc , I. Chereau et al. (2020). Self-stigma in serious mental illness and autism spectrum disorder: Results from the REHABase national psychiatric rehabilitation cohort . European Psychiatry, 63(1), e13-e13. Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2019.12 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3005409491
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  105. Matthew Hollocks , Jian Wei Lerh , Iliana Magiati , Richard Meiser-Stedman , Traolach Brugha (2019). Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Psychological Medicine, 49(4), 559-572. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002283 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2889987209
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  106. Bruce G. Link , Elmer L. Struening , Sheree Neese-Todd , Sara Asmussen , Jo C. Phelan (2001). Stigma as a Barrier to Recovery: The Consequences of Stigma for the Self-Esteem of People With Mental Illnesses . Psychiatric Services, 52(12), 1621-1626. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.12.1621 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2138848350
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  107. Natalia J. Ranson , Mitchell K. Byrne (2014). Promoting Peer Acceptance of Females with Higher-functioning Autism in a Mainstream Education Setting: A Replication and Extension of the Effects of an Autism Anti-Stigma Program . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11), 2778-2796. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2139-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2140496817
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  108. Sarah J. Egan , Clare S. Rees , Joanna Delalande , Danyelle Greene , Grace Fitzallen , Samantha Brown et al. (2022). A Review of Self-Compassion as an Active Ingredient in the Prevention and Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Young People . Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 49(3), 385-403. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01170-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3201325896
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  109. Cláudia Ferreira , Marcela Matos , Cristiana Duarte , José Pinto‐Gouveia (2014). Shame Memories and Eating Psychopathology: The Buffering Effect of Self‐Compassion . European Eating Disorders Review, 22(6), 487-494. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/erv.2322 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2167453777
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  110. Filip Raes , Elizabeth Pommier , Kristin D. Neff , Dinska Van Gucht (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self‐Compassion Scale . Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/cpp.702 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2147791664
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  111. Dany Fernández , Pamela Grandón , Yaranay López-Angulo , Alexis Vladimir-Vielma , Wenceslao Peñate , Gabriela Díaz-Pérez (2023). Internalized stigma and self-stigma in people diagnosed with a mental disorder. One concept or two? A scoping review . International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 69(8), 1869-1881. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/00207640231196749 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4386271807
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  112. J. Leaviss , L. Uttley (2015). Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: an early systematic review . Psychological Medicine, 45(5), 927-945. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714002141 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2150285866
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  113. Judith Hebron , Neil Humphrey , Jeremy Oldfield (2015). Vulnerability to bullying of children with autism spectrum conditions in mainstream education: a multi‐informant qualitative exploration . Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 15(3), 185-193. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1471-3802.12108 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2150754018
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  114. Emily C. Helminen , Dallas M. Ducar , Jillian R. Scheer , Kari L. Parke , Melissa L. Morton , Joshua C. Felver (2023). Self-compassion, minority stress, and mental health in sexual and gender minority populations: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 30(1), 26-39. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/cps0000104 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4310089864
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  115. Matthew S. Fritz , David P. MacKinnon (2007). Required Sample Size to Detect the Mediated Effect . Psychological Science, 18(3), 233-239. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2171137184
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  116. Lisa Wood , Rory Byrne , Eilish Burke , Gabriela Enache , Anthony P. Morrison (2017). The impact of stigma on emotional distress and recovery from psychosis: The mediatory role of internalised shame and self-esteem . Psychiatry Research, 255, 94-100. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.016 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2612506392
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  117. Christopher K. Germer , Kristin D. Neff (2013). Self‐Compassion in Clinical Practice . Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 856-867. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22021 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2156908492
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  118. Galluci M. (2020). jAMM: jamovi advanced mediation models [Jamovi module]. https://jamovi-amm.github.io/
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  119. Bruce G. Link , Jennifer Wells , Jo C. Phelan , Lawrence Yang (2015). Understanding the importance of “symbolic interaction stigma”: How expectations about the reactions of others adds to the burden of mental illness stigma. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 38(2), 117-124. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/prj0000142 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2187511403
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  120. KRISTIN D. NEFF (2003). The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion . Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/15298860309027 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2166272087
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  121. Xi Luo , Xianwei Che , Yi Lei , Hong Li (2021). Investigating the Influence of Self-Compassion-Focused Interventions on Posttraumatic Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis . Mindfulness, 12(12), 2865-2876. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01732-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3202925351
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  122. Julie Taylor , Natalie A Henninger , Marsha R Mailick (2015). Longitudinal patterns of employment and postsecondary education for adults with autism and average-range IQ . Autism, 19(7), 785-793. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361315585643 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2184206567
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  123. Joseph A. Guarneri , David E. Oberleitner , Sara Connolly (2019). Perceived Stigma and Self-Stigma in College Students: A Literature Review and Implications for Practice and Research . Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 41(1), 48-62. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2018.1550723 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2909651340
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  124. Diane M. Quinn , Michelle K. Williams , Bradley M. Weisz (2015). From discrimination to internalized mental illness stigma: The mediating roles of anticipated discrimination and anticipated stigma. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 38(2), 103-108. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/prj0000136 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2326814277
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  125. Joseph H. Hammer , Michael D. Toland (2017). Internal structure and reliability of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI-29) and Brief Versions (ISMI-10, ISMI-9) among Americans with depression. Stigma and Health, 2(3), 159-174. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/sah0000049 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2462639064
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  126. Hester R. Trompetter , Elian de Kleine , Ernst T. Bohlmeijer (2017). Why Does Positive Mental Health Buffer Against Psychopathology? An Exploratory Study on Self-Compassion as a Resilience Mechanism and Adaptive Emotion Regulation Strategy . Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(3), 459-468. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9774-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2333155214
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  127. Ilios Kotsou , Christophe Leys (2016). Self-Compassion Scale (SCS): Psychometric Properties of The French Translation and Its Relations with Psychological Well-Being, Affect and Depression . PLOS ONE, 11(4), e0152880. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152880 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2337328913
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  128. Hays A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach . Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  129. D Baeyens , A Moniquet , M Danckaerts , S van der Oord (2018). [A comparative study of the structural stigmatisation of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder in Flemish newspapers]. PubMed, 59(5), 269-277.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2556123982
    OpenAlex
  130. Erica C. Jacoby , Katherine Walton , Joseph Guada (2019). Community Perspectives on Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder . Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 35(1), 72-91. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/0164212x.2018.1507774 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2907503538
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  131. Ilan H. Meyer (2015). Resilience in the study of minority stress and health of sexual and gender minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 209-213. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000132 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2563057357
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  132. Laura Hull , Will Mandy , Meng-Chuan Lai , Simon Baron-Cohen , Carrie Allison , Paula Smith et al. (2019). Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 819-833. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2898221520
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  133. Laura Hull , K.V. Petrides , Carrie Allison , Paula Smith , Simon Baron-Cohen , Meng-Chuan Lai et al. (2017). “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(8), 2519-2534. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3166-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2616560149
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  134. (2004). Alexithymia: 25 years of theory and research . In Emotional Expression and Health (pp. 154-170). Routledge.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.4324/9780203484104-19 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2896152409
    OpenAlex
  135. Yasuhiro Kotera , Pauline Green , David Sheffield (2021). Mental health of therapeutic students: relationships with attitudes, self-criticism, self-compassion, and caregiver identity . British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 49(5), 701-712. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2019.1704683 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2995295907
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  136. Alexander C. Wilson , Kate Mackintosh , Kevin Power , Stella W. Y. Chan (2019). Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Related Therapies: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis . Mindfulness, 10(6), 979-995. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1037-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2896823781
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  137. Jinan Zeidan , Éric Fombonne , Julie Scorah , Alaa T. Ibrahim , Maureen S. Durkin , Shekhar Saxena et al. (2022). Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update. Autism Research, 15(5), 778-790. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2696 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4214849391
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  138. L.N. Schulze , J. Klinger-König , S. Stolzenburg , J. Wiese , S. Speerforck , S. Van der Auwera-Palitschka et al. (2020). Shame, self-identification with having a mental illness, and willingness to seek help in northeast Germany . Psychiatry Research, 285, 112819. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112819 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3003192402
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  139. Simon Baron-Cohen (2017). Editorial Perspective: Neurodiversity – a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(6), 744-747. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12703 10.17863/cam.12197
    OpenCitations
  140. Selin Mavituna , Eric Hahn , Inge Hahne , Niklas Bergmann , Marieke Pijnenborg , Thi Minh Tam Ta et al. (2023). Compassion-based approaches: a systematic review of their effectiveness and acceptability in schizophrenia spectrum disorders . Current Psychology, 42(20), 16868-16882. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02908-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4214714134
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  141. T.A.M. McDonald (2020). Autism Identity and the “Lost Generation”: Structural Validation of the Autism Spectrum Identity Scale and Comparison of Diagnosed and Self-Diagnosed Adults on the Autism Spectrum . Autism in Adulthood, 2(1), 13-23. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0069 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3006983109
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  143. Sarah Thomason , Nima Moghaddam (2021). Compassion‐focused therapies for self‐esteem: A systematic review and meta‐analysis . Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 94(3), 737-759. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/papt.12319 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3098788507
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  144. Ramasawmy S. (2021). Development of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) for the Mauritian population . Long Live Differences: Fundamental Differential Psychology and Applications, 239.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  145. Sabine Saade , Benoît Bockstal-Fieulaine , Kristen Gillespie-Lynch , Chrystel Besche-Richard , Émilie Boujut , Ashley Johnson Harrison et al. (2023). Evaluation of an Autism Training in a Much-Needed Context: The Case of France . Autism in Adulthood, 5(3), 289-300. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0080 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4361000882
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  146. Taylor G. J. (2004). Emotional expression and health: Advances in theory, assessment and clinical applications . Emotional expression and health: Advances in theory, assessment and clinical applications, 137.
    Type: Other
    Crossref