« Le camouflage, c'est la vie » : expériences de camouflage chez des adultes autistes et non autistes

Titre original en anglais : “Masking Is Life”: Experiences of Masking in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults

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Miller, D., Rees, J., & Pearson, A. (2021). “Masking Is Life”: Experiences of Masking in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults. Autism in Adulthood, 3(4), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2020.0083

Date de publication: 17/05/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Danielle Miller
  2. Jon Rees
  3. Amy Pearson *

Résumé

Contexte : Le masquage autistique est un domaine de recherche émergent et, jusqu'à présent, les recherches ont suggéré que le masquage a un effet négatif sur les personnes autistes. Le masquage est lié à des pratiques sociales générales (telles que la gestion de l'identité) et est souvent motivé par l'évitement de la stigmatisation. De nombreuses personnes non autistes font également l'expérience de stigmatisation, ce qui pourrait les conduire à réprimer certains aspects de leur identité. Dans cette étude, nous examinons les similitudes et les différences dans les expériences de masquage chez les personnes autistes et non autistes. Méthodes : Nous avons mené une enquête en ligne sur les expériences et les points de vue concernant le masquage auprès de personnes autistes (n = 144), de personnes neurodivergentes sans diagnostic d'autisme (n = 49) et de personnes neurotypiques (n = 45), recrutées via les réseaux sociaux. Nous avons utilisé une analyse thématique pour analyser les réponses aux questions ouvertes sur le masquage, en utilisant une approche inductive, à un niveau sémantique, dans un paradigme réaliste critique. Résultats : L'analyse thématique a révélé que certains aspects du masquage sont partagés par les personnes autistes et non autistes, tels que le recours à l'imitation d'autrui comme stratégie sociale ou le sentiment d'épuisement dû au masquage. Tous les groupes ont indiqué que le masquage les faisait se sentir déconnectés de leur véritable sentiment d'identité et avait un effet négatif sur eux. D'autres aspects du masquage semblaient plus spécifiques aux personnes autistes, tels que la suppression sensorielle et le fait que le masquage conduise à des idées suicidaires. Conclusions : Nos résultats suggèrent que de nombreux aspects du masquage sont vécus par différents neurotypes et sont probablement liés aux perceptions externes de la différence et à la stigmatisation. Il est probable que ce que nous appelons le « masquage autistique » soit similaire à d'autres formes de gestion de la stigmatisation théorisées auparavant. Certains aspects du masquage semblent plus spécifiques au neurotype autistique (par exemple, la répression du stimming) et devraient être explorés davantage afin d'apporter un soutien aux personnes autistes se remettant de l'impact négatif du masquage.

Background: Autistic masking is an emerging research area, and so far, research has suggested that masking has a negative effect on autistic people. Masking relates to general social practices (such as identity management) and is often driven by stigma avoidance. Many nonautistic people also experience stigma that might drive them to suppress aspects of their identity. In this study, we investigate similarities and differences in experiences of masking in autistic and nonautistic people. Methods: We conducted an online survey about experiences and views of masking in autistic people (n = 144), neurodivergent people without an autism diagnosis (n = 49), and neurotypical people (n = 45) recruited via social media. We used thematic analysis to analyze responses to open-ended items about masking, using an inductive approach, at a semantic level, with a critical realist paradigm. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that some aspects of masking are shared across autistic and nonautistic people, such as utilizing mimicry of others as a social strategy or feeling exhausted from masking. All groups reported that masking made them feel disconnected from their true sense of identity and had a negative effect on them. Other aspects of masking seemed more specific to autistic people, such as sensory suppression, and masking leading to suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that many aspects of masking are experienced across different neurotypes and are likely related to outside perceptions of difference and stigma. It is likely that what we call “autistic masking” is similar to other forms of stigma management previously theorized. Some aspects of masking do seem more specific to the autistic neurotype (e.g., suppression of stimming) and should be explored further to provide support for autistic people recovering from the negative impact of masking.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
57
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
10 / 57 (17,5 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
13 / 165 (7,9 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 13 / 84 (15,5 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 10 / 119 (8,4 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
84 / 165 (50,9 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 45 / 119 (37,8 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
71 / 84 (84,5 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 71 / 165 (43,0 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 35 / 45 (77,8 %).
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