Divergences entre ressenti et expression : perceptions des expressions émotionnelles autistes et non autistes par des observateurs non autistes

Titre original en anglais : Discrepancies between feeling and expressing: Perceptions of autistic and non-autistic emotional expressions by non-autistic observers

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». La publication indique que des personnes autistes en sont auteur·ices ou co-auteur·ices, sans préciser leur nombre ni divulguer leur identité.

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Foster, S. J., Dunn, D., Patel, S., Pinkham, A. E., Ackerman, R. A., & Sasson, N. (2026). Discrepancies between feeling and expressing: Perceptions of autistic and non-autistic emotional expressions by non-autistic observers. Autism, 30(4), 914-930. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251415129

Date de publication: 03/02/2026 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices autistes mentionné·es dans la publication
Nombre non précisé
  1. Sarah J. Foster *
  2. Danny Dunn *
  3. Siddhi Patel
  1. Amy E. Pinkham
  2. Robert A. Ackerman
  3. Noah Sasson

Résumé

Les observateurs non autistes interprètent souvent plus négativement les expressions émotionnelles autistes, bien qu'il ne soit pas clair si cela reflète un biais des observateurs ou de véritables différences dans l'expérience et l'expression émotionnelles des personnes autistes. Afin d'examiner cette question, 20 adultes autistes et 20 adultes non autistes ont rapporté l'intensité de l'émotion ressentie tout en revivant des événements enregistrés en vidéo ayant suscité un bonheur, une tristesse et une colère d'intensité faible et forte. Au total, 379 observateurs non autistes, dont la moitié ne connaissait pas le statut diagnostique, ont visionné les enregistrements et identifié l'émotion et son intensité. Le logiciel de reconnaissance des émotions iMotions a également classé la valence émotionnelle des expressions. Dans l'ensemble, les participants autistes et non autistes ont rapporté des niveaux comparables d'émotion ressentie, bien que des différences soient apparues dans la manière dont leurs expressions étaient perçues. Les observateurs identifiaient plus précisément le bonheur chez les participants non autistes, et la tristesse et la colère chez les participants autistes. Ils ont également jugé que les participants autistes exprimaient plus intensément la tristesse et la colère. Informer les observateurs du statut diagnostique des participants n'a, dans une large mesure, pas modulé les effets. iMotions a plus souvent classé les expressions autistes légères comme neutres et les expressions non autistes légères comme positives. Étant donné que les résultats des observateurs et d'iMotions sont apparus malgré l'absence de différence entre les participants autistes et non autistes quant à l'émotion ressentie, ils suggèrent que les observateurs non autistes et les algorithmes de reconnaissance des émotions interprètent différemment les expressions émotionnelles authentiques des personnes autistes et non autistes, ce qui peut contribuer à des interprétations erronées des personnes autistes. Résumé vulgarisé Les personnes autistes peuvent exprimer leurs émotions de manière différente des personnes non autistes, et les personnes non autistes les interprètent parfois à tort comme étant sans expression, excessivement intenses ou difficiles à lire. Cette incompréhension peut affecter la manière dont les personnes autistes sont jugées dans la vie quotidienne, notamment lors d'entretiens d'embauche, dans les amitiés et dans d'autres situations importantes. Dans cette étude, nous voulions savoir dans quelle mesure les personnes non autistes, et les logiciels de reconnaissance des émotions, peuvent identifier les émotions sur les visages de personnes autistes et non autistes lorsqu'elles ressentent effectivement une émotion. Pour ce faire, des adultes autistes et non autistes ont été filmés alors qu'ils relataient des expériences personnelles qui leur avaient fait ressentir un bonheur, une tristesse et une colère d'intensité faible et forte. Ils ont évalué l'intensité avec laquelle ils ressentaient chaque émotion pendant le tournage. Plus tard, de courts extraits vidéo de leurs expressions faciales ont été montrés, sans son, à un grand groupe de spectateurs non autistes, qui ont identifié l'émotion et évalué son intensité. Certains spectateurs ont été informés si la personne dans la vidéo était autiste ou non. Nous avons constaté que les personnes autistes et non autistes rapportaient ressentir des émotions à des niveaux comparables, mais que les spectateurs non autistes reconnaissaient mieux les expressions heureuses chez les personnes non autistes que chez les personnes autistes, et reconnaissaient mieux les expressions tristes et colériques chez les personnes autistes que chez les personnes non autistes. Les spectateurs avaient tendance à évaluer les expressions autistes, particulièrement la tristesse et la colère, comme plus intenses que celles des personnes non autistes, alors même que le logiciel informatique évaluait les expressions autistes comme plus neutres que celles des participants non autistes. Ces résultats suggèrent que les personnes autistes ressentent les émotions aussi profondément que les personnes non autistes, mais que des différences de style expressif et des biais non autistes peuvent conduire à des interprétations erronées. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d'une plus grande sensibilisation aux différences de communication dans l'autisme et de réduire les interprétations erronées dans la manière dont les personnes autistes sont perçues.

Non-autistic observers often interpret autistic emotional expressions more negatively, though it is unclear whether this reflects observer bias or genuine differences in autistic people's emotional experience and expression. To examine this, 20 autistic and 20 non-autistic adults reported the intensity of their felt emotion while re-experiencing video-recorded events eliciting mild and strong happiness, sadness, and anger. A total of 379 non-autistic observers, half blind to diagnostic status, viewed the recordings and identified the emotion and its intensity. iMotions emotion recognition software also classified the emotional valence of the expressions. Overall, autistic and non-autistic participants reported comparable levels of felt emotion, although differences emerged in how their expressions were perceived. Observers more accurately identified happiness in non-autistic participants and sadness and anger in autistic participants. They also judged autistic participants as expressing sadness and anger more intensely. Informing observers of the diagnostic status of participants largely did not modulate effects. iMotions more often classified mild autistic expressions as neutral and mild non-autistic expressions as positive. Because observer and iMotion findings emerged despite autistic and non-autistic participants not differing in felt emotion, they suggest that non-autistic observers and emotion recognition algorithms differentially interpret authentic autistic and non-autistic emotional expressions, which may contribute to misinterpretations of autistic people.Lay AbstractAutistic people may express emotions in ways that differ from non-autistic people, and non-autistic people sometimes misinterpret them as flat, overly intense, or hard to read. This misunderstanding can affect how autistic people are judged in everyday life, including in job interviews, friendships, and other important situations. In this study, we wanted to know how well non-autistic people-and emotion recognition software-can identify emotions on the faces of autistic and non-autistic people when they are actually feeling emotion. To do this, autistic and non-autistic adults were videotaped while recounting personal experiences that made them feel mild and strong happiness, sadness, and anger. They rated how strongly they felt each emotion during the videotaping. Later, short video clips of their facial expressions were shown (without sound) to a large group of non-autistic viewers, who identified the emotion and rated its intensity. Some viewers were told whether the person in the video was autistic or not. We found that autistic and non-autistic people reported feeling emotions at comparable levels, but non-autistic viewers were better at recognizing happy expressions in non-autistic people compared to autistic people, and better at recognizing sad and angry expressions in autistic people compared to non-autistic people. Viewers tended to rate autistic expressions, especially sadness and anger, as more intense than those of non-autistic people, even though the computer software rated autistic expressions as more neutral compared to non-autistic participants. These results suggest that autistic people feel emotions just as deeply as non-autistic people, but differences in expressive style and non-autistic biases may lead to misinterpretation. These findings highlight the need for greater awareness of communication differences in autism and for reducing misinterpretations in how autistic people are perceived.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 14:00.

Références citées
84
Avec un DOI
81
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
3
9 / 84 (10,7 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
2 / 84 (2,4 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
82 / 84 (97,6 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
2
Sans titre structuré
2
Sans identifiant stable
2
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
2
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
348
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
348
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
3
131 / 348 (37,6 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 217 / 348 (62,4 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
11 / 348 (3,2 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 11 / 131 (8,4 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 9 / 282 (3,2 %).
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