Différences d'affect facial chez les adultes autistes et non autistes selon les contextes et leur relation avec la formation des premières impressions

Titre original en anglais : Facial Affect Differences in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults Across Contexts and Their Relationship to First-Impression Formation

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Foster, S. J., Jones, D. R., Pinkham, A. E., & Sasson, N. J. (2024). Facial Affect Differences in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults Across Contexts and Their Relationship to First-Impression Formation. Autism in Adulthood, 7(5), 581-593. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2023.0199

Date de publication: 30/04/2024 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
0 / 4 (0,0 %)
  1. Sarah J. Foster
  2. Desiree R. Jones
  3. Amy E. Pinkham
  4. Noah J. Sasson

Résumé

Contexte : Les personnes autistes reçoivent souvent des premières impressions défavorables de la part de personnes non autistes, probablement en raison de la stigmatisation liée à des présentations sociales et à des comportements expressifs divergents. Bien que l'expressivité faciale influence les premières impressions dans la population générale, aucune recherche n'a examiné si les différences d'expressivité dans l'autisme sont liées à la formation des premières impressions par des personnes non autistes. Il n'est pas non plus clair si l'expressivité faciale dans l'autisme varie selon les exigences contextuelles et si cela affecte les premières impressions. Méthodes : Nous avons enregistré en vidéo 21 adultes autistes et 21 adultes non autistes dans deux contextes, lors d'un entretien pour leur emploi idéal et lors d'une discussion sur un intérêt personnel, et avons quantifié le pourcentage d'images vidéo affichant un affect facial positif, neutre et négatif à l'aide du logiciel iMotions. Nous avons également comparé l'affect facial entre les groupes autiste et non autiste au sein des contextes et entre les contextes. Par la suite, 335 étudiants de premier cycle non autistes ont évalué les participants à l'aide de la First Impression Scale afin d'évaluer si les impressions étaient modulées par le contexte et présentaient des associations avec l'expressivité faciale. Résultats : Les résultats ont montré que les adultes autistes et non autistes différaient quant à l'expressivité émotionnelle globale, les participants non autistes affichant davantage d'affect positif, à un niveau de tendance, que les participants autistes. Les adultes autistes ont également reçu des premières impressions moins favorables, et celles-ci présentaient une certaine correspondance avec leur expressivité émotionnelle. Par exemple, leurs manifestations d'affect négatif étaient modérément à fortement liées à de moins bonnes impressions dans le contexte de l'entretien d'embauche, un schéma qui n'a pas été observé au même degré chez les participants non autistes. Les impressions des participants autistes se sont également améliorées davantage que celles des participants non autistes lorsqu'ils parlaient d'un intérêt personnel comparativement au contexte de l'entretien d'embauche, et lorsque leur diagnostic était révélé aux observateurs. Discussion : Collectivement, ces résultats indiquent que les personnes autistes présentent une expressivité émotionnelle faciale divergente qui est liée aux impressions moins favorables qu'elles reçoivent de la part d'observateurs non autistes. Le contexte et la révélation du diagnostic affectent également la façon dont les personnes autistes sont perçues. Résumé communautaire : Les résultats peuvent être utilisés pour informer les personnes non autistes de leurs biais à l'égard des différences expressives des adultes autistes dans des contextes personnels et professionnels, afin d'aider à réduire au minimum la discrimination et l'exclusion.

Background: Autistic people often receive unfavorable first impressions from non-autistic people, likely because of stigma related to divergent social presentations and expressive behaviors. Although facial expressivity influences first impressions in the general population, no research has examined whether expressivity differences in autism relate to the formation of first impressions by non-autistic people. It is also unclear whether facial expressivity in autism varies depending upon contextual demands and whether this affects first impressions. Methods: We video-recorded 21 autistic and 21 non-autistic adults in two contexts, interviewing for their ideal job and discussing a personal interest, and quantified the percentage of video frames displaying positive, neutral, and negative facial affect using iMotions software. We also compared facial affect between the autistic and non-autistic groups within and between contexts. Later, 335 non-autistic undergraduates rated participants using the First Impression Scale to assess whether impressions were modulated by context and showed associations with facial expressivity. Results: Findings demonstrated that autistic and non-autistic adults differed in overall emotional expressivity, with non-autistic participants displaying more positive affect at a trend-level than autistic participants. Autistic adults also received less favorable first impressions, and these showed some correspondence with their emotional expressivity. For example, their displays of negative affect were moderately to strongly related to worse impressions in the job interview context, a pattern not found to the same degree for non-autistic participants. Impressions of autistic participants also improved more than for non-autistic ones when talking about a personal interest compared with the job interview context, and when their diagnosis was disclosed to observers. Discussion: Collectively, these findings indicate that autistic people demonstrate divergent facial emotional expressivity that relates to the less favorable impressions they receive from non-autistic observers. Context and diagnostic disclosure also affect how autistic people are perceived. Community Brief: The results may be used to inform non-autistic people of their biases toward the expressive differences of autistic adults in personal and professional contexts to help minimize discrimination and exclusion.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
70
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
4 / 70 (5,7 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
5 / 245 (2,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 5 / 61 (8,2 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 4 / 205 (2,0 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
61 / 245 (24,9 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 42 / 205 (20,5 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
56 / 61 (91,8 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 56 / 245 (22,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 38 / 42 (90,5 %).
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