Explorer les motivations professionnelles, les forces et les difficultés des étudiants universitaires autistes et non autistes : éclairages issus d'une étude participative
Titre original en anglais : Exploring the Career Motivations, Strengths, and Challenges of Autistic and Non-autistic University Students: Insights From a Participatory Study
Cheriyan, C., Shevchuk-Hill, S., Riccio, A., Vincent, J., Kapp, S. K., Cage, E., Dwyer, P., Kofner, B., Attwood, H., & Gillespie-Lynch, K. (2021). Exploring the Career Motivations, Strengths, and Challenges of Autistic and Non-autistic University Students: Insights From a Participatory Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 719827-719827. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.719827
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Auteurs
Résumé
Les soutiens destinés au nombre croissant d'étudiants universitaires autistes visent souvent à les aider à réussir à l'université. Cependant, même les personnes autistes instruites connaissent de la discrimination et d'autres difficultés qui peuvent rendre très difficile l'obtention d'emplois valorisants. On sait encore peu de choses sur la manière dont les universités peuvent mieux soutenir leurs étudiants et anciens étudiants autistes pour surmonter les obstacles à un emploi valorisant. Dans cette étude participative, une équipe de chercheurs autistes et non autistes a interrogé des étudiants universitaires autistes (n = 92) et non autistes (n = 774) sur leurs aspirations professionnelles, les forces qui, selon eux, les aideront à réussir dans leurs « emplois de rêve », et les obstacles qu'ils s'attendent à rencontrer. Le principal objectif des participants autistes lorsqu'ils poursuivaient des études supérieures était d'améliorer leurs perspectives de carrière. Cependant, relativement peu d'étudiants autistes ont déclaré acquérir à l'université des compétences propres à une carrière. Les étudiants autistes étaient plus susceptibles de rechercher un emploi universitaire et moins susceptibles de rechercher une carrière dans les soins de santé que les étudiants non autistes. Les étudiants autistes ont plus souvent mis en avant les compétences rédactionnelles et l'attention aux détails comme des forces pouvant les aider à réussir dans leurs emplois de rêve que les étudiants non autistes. Toutefois, ils étaient également plus susceptibles de s'attendre à ce que la discrimination et des difficultés sociales et psychologiques fassent obstacle à leurs emplois de rêve. Ces résultats suggèrent que les universités devraient accorder la priorité à des possibilités d'apprentissage expérientiel afin d'aider les étudiants autistes (et non autistes) à développer des compétences liées à l'emploi, tout en fournissant des soutiens en santé mentale. Les universités devraient démontrer leur engagement à soutenir des apprenants diversifiés en recherchant et en recrutant des professionnels autistes, et en enseignant à leur propre personnel et aux employeurs comment apprécier et soutenir les collègues autistes.
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