Perspectives d’adolescentes et de femmes autistes sur les déterminants de leur santé mentale et de leur bien-être social et émotionnel : une revue systématique et une synthèse thématique de l’expérience vécue

Titre original en anglais : Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience

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O’Connor, R., Doherty, M., Ryan-Enright, T., & Gaynor, K. (2023). Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience. Autism, 28(4), 816-830. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231215026

Date de publication: 25/12/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Rachel O’Connor
  2. Mary Doherty *
  3. Theresa Ryan-Enright
  4. Keith Gaynor

Résumé

Les filles et les femmes autistes connaissent davantage de difficultés de santé mentale et un bien-être moindre que leurs pairs non autistes. Peu d’attention a été accordée aux perspectives des filles et des femmes dans la littérature. Cette revue vise à fournir un aperçu des facteurs qui influencent le bien-être émotionnel et social ainsi que la santé mentale des femmes autistes, tels qu’ils sont décrits dans des études qualitatives fondées sur l’autoévaluation. Le protocole de la présente revue a été préenregistré sur PROSPERO (CRD42020184983), et cet article suit les lignes directrices Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete et MEDLINE ont fait l’objet de recherches systématiques à l’aide d’une chaîne de recherche prédéfinie. Cela a permis d’obtenir 877 documents uniques, qui ont été systématiquement examinés par deux évaluateurs, aboutissant à 52 études admissibles. Une extraction structurée des données et une évaluation de la qualité ont été réalisées. La présente revue présente les perspectives de 973 femmes autistes âgées de 13 à 70 ans et plus. La synthèse thématique a identifié trois thèmes et neuf sous-thèmes. Nos résultats suggèrent que les expériences des filles et des femmes autistes peuvent être conceptualisées dans le cadre d’un modèle social, dans lequel les facteurs biologiques et psychologiques (« The Autistic Neurotype ») sont vécus à travers le prisme de facteurs sociaux (« The Neurotypical World » et « Stigma »), façonnant ensemble les résultats en matière de bien-être et de santé mentale. Résumé destiné au grand public Les difficultés de santé mentale et les faibles niveaux de bien-être sont plus fréquents chez les filles et les femmes autistes que chez les personnes non autistes, mais nous ne comprenons pas pleinement pourquoi. La recherche ne s’intéresse pas suffisamment à ce que les filles et les femmes autistes pourraient nous dire à ce sujet. Cette revue vise à résumer les études dans lesquelles des filles et des femmes autistes expliquent les éléments qui influencent leur santé mentale et leur bien-être afin de nous aider à comprendre comment prévenir l’apparition de ces difficultés. Trois bases de données de recherche ont été consultées afin de trouver des études potentiellement pertinentes. Huit cent soixante-dix-sept études ont été trouvées et deux chercheurs les ont examinées selon des critères particuliers. Ils ont trouvé 52 études pouvant être incluses dans cette revue. Un chercheur a évalué la qualité de ces études et en a extrait les informations essentielles. Cette revue résume les points de vue de 973 filles et femmes autistes âgées de 13 à 70 ans et plus. Les résultats des 52 études ont été analysés, et nous avons identifié de nombreux facteurs qui influencent la santé mentale et le bien-être des filles et des femmes autistes. Ces facteurs relèvent de deux catégories : (1) les difficultés à vivre dans un monde non conçu pour les personnes autistes et (2) l’impact de la stigmatisation liée au fait d’être autiste.

Autistic girls and women experience more mental health difficulties and poorer well-being than their non-autistic peers. Little emphasis has been placed on the perspectives of the girls and women within the literature. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors that impact autistic females’ emotional and social well-being and mental health, as described in self-report qualitative studies. The protocol for the present review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020184983), and this article follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete and MEDLINE were systematically searched using a pre-defined search string. This yielded 877 unique records, which were systematically screened by two reviewers, resulting in 52 eligible studies. Structured data extraction and quality appraisal were completed. The present review presents the perspectives of 973 autistic females aged 13–70+. Thematic synthesis identified three themes and nine subthemes. Our findings suggest that autistic girls’ and women’s experiences can be conceptualised within a social model, where biological and psychological factors (‘The Autistic Neurotype’) are experienced through the lens of social factors (‘The Neurotypical World’ and ‘Stigma’), together shaping well-being and mental health outcomes. Lay abstract Difficulties with mental health and low levels of well-being are more common among autistic girls and women than non-autistic people, but we do not fully understand why. Research does not focus enough on what autistic girls and women could tell us about this. This review aims to summarise the studies where autistic girls and women explain things that affect their mental health and well-being to help us understand how to prevent these difficulties from developing. Three research databases were searched to find possibly relevant studies. There were 877 studies found, which two researchers screened according to particular criteria. They found 52 studies that could be included in this review. One researcher evaluated the quality of these studies and extracted the key information from them. This review summarises the views of 973 autistic girls and women aged between 13 and 70+. The findings from the 52 studies were analysed, and we found many factors that affect the mental health and well-being of autistic girls and women. These factors fall into two categories: (1) difficulties living in a world not designed for autistic people and (2) the impact of stigma due to being autistic.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
101
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
17 / 101 (16,8 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
27 / 343 (7,9 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 27 / 169 (16,0 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 20 / 270 (7,4 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
169 / 343 (49,3 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 105 / 270 (38,9 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
142 / 169 (84,0 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 142 / 343 (41,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 85 / 105 (81,0 %).
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