Les enfants autistes risquent d’être sous-estimés : étude pilote en milieu scolaire d’une évaluation tenant compte des forces

Titre original en anglais : Autistic children at risk of being underestimated: school-based pilot study of a strength-informed assessment

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Courchesne, V., Meilleur, A. S., Poulin-Lord, M. P., Dawson, M., & Soulières, I. (2015). Autistic children at risk of being underestimated: school-based pilot study of a strength-informed assessment. Molecular Autism, 6(1), 12-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0006-3

Date de publication: 05/03/2015 Ajout dans AutiHub: 03/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Valérie Courchesne
  2. Andrée‐Anne S. Meilleur
  3. Marie-Pier Poulin-Lord
  4. Michelle Dawson *
  5. Isabelle Soulières

Résumé

CONTEXTE : Une minorité importante d’enfants autistes d’âge scolaire, souvent qualifiés de « non verbaux » ou de « minimalement verbaux », présente peu ou pas de langage oral. Ces enfants risquent d’être jugés « de faible fonctionnement » ou « impossibles à évaluer » au moyen des pratiques conventionnelles de tests cognitifs. Une piste négligée pour évaluer les enfants autistes dans cette situation consiste à mobiliser les connaissances actuelles sur les forces cognitives autistiques. Notre objectif était donc de mener une étude pilote d’une évaluation tenant compte des forces chez des enfants autistes dont les faibles performances aux instruments conventionnels suggèrent que leur potentiel cognitif est très limité. MÉTHODES : Trente enfants autistes (6 à 12 ans) présentant peu ou pas de langage oral, fréquentant des écoles spécialisées pour enfants autistes ayant les niveaux d’atteinte les plus élevés, ont été évalués à l’aide de la Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), de la forme sur panneau des Matrices progressives colorées de Raven (RCPM), du Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT) et d’une tâche de recherche visuelle. Un groupe témoin apparié selon l’âge, composé de 27 enfants typiques, a également été évalué. RÉSULTATS : Aucun des enfants autistes n’a pu terminer la WISC-IV ; seuls six ont terminé un sous-test quelconque. En revanche, 26 enfants autistes ont pu terminer la RCPM, dont 17 ont obtenu un score situé entre le 5e et le 90e percentile. Vingt-sept enfants autistes ont terminé la tâche de recherche visuelle, tandis que 26 ont terminé le CEFT, auquel les enfants autistes étaient plus rapides que les enfants typiques appariés selon la RCPM. Les performances des enfants autistes à la RCPM, au CEFT et à la recherche visuelle étaient corrélées. CONCLUSION : Ces résultats indiquent que les enfants autistes d’âge scolaire « minimalement verbaux » ou « non verbaux » risquent d’être sous-estimés : ils peuvent être considérés à tort comme ayant peu de potentiel cognitif. Nos résultats soutiennent l’utilité d’approches de l’autisme tenant compte des forces et ont des implications importantes pour l’évaluation et l’éducation des enfants autistes.

BACKGROUND: An important minority of school-aged autistic children, often characterized as 'nonverbal' or 'minimally verbal,' displays little or no spoken language. These children are at risk of being judged 'low-functioning' or 'untestable' via conventional cognitive testing practices. One neglected avenue for assessing autistic children so situated is to engage current knowledge of autistic cognitive strengths. Our aim was thus to pilot a strength-informed assessment of autistic children whose poor performance on conventional instruments suggests their cognitive potential is very limited. METHODS: Thirty autistic children (6 to 12 years) with little or no spoken language, attending specialized schools for autistic children with the highest levels of impairment, were assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices board form (RCPM), Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), and a visual search task. An age-matched control group of 27 typical children was also assessed. RESULTS: None of the autistic children could complete WISC-IV; only six completed any subtest. In contrast, 26 autistic children could complete RCPM, with 17 scoring between the 5th and 90th percentile. Twenty-seven autistic children completed the visual search task, while 26 completed CEFT, on which autistic children were faster than RCPM-matched typical children. Autistic performance on RCPM, CEFT, and visual search were correlated. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that 'minimally verbal' or 'nonverbal' school-aged autistic children may be at risk of being underestimated: they may be wrongly regarded as having little cognitive potential. Our findings support the usefulness of strength-informed approaches to autism and have important implications for the assessment and education of autistic children.

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
59
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
8 / 59 (13,6 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
8 / 151 (5,3 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 8 / 62 (12,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 2 / 116 (1,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
62 / 151 (41,1 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 31 / 116 (26,7 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
54 / 62 (87,1 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 54 / 151 (35,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 29 / 31 (93,5 %).
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