Autisme dans les soins oculaires : une étude à méthodes mixtes des connaissances professionnelles, de la confiance et de l’expérience clinique

Titre original en anglais : Autism in eye care: A mixed‐methods study of professional knowledge, confidence and clinical experience

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Edwards, C., Love, A. M., Cai, R. Y., Constable, P. A., Love, D. C., Parmar, K., Gowen, E., & Gibbs, V. (2025). Autism in eye care: A mixed‐methods study of professional knowledge, confidence and clinical experience. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 45(7), 2116-2128. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.70029

Date de publication: 16/10/2025 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
8
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 8 (12,5 %)
  1. Chris Edwards *
  2. Abigail M.A. Love
  3. Ru Ying Cai
  4. Paul A. Constable
  1. Daniel C. Love
  2. Ketan Parmar
  3. Emma Gowen
  4. Vicki Gibbs

Résumé

Résumé Objectif Les personnes autistes rencontrent des obstacles importants lorsqu’elles accèdent aux soins de santé, ce qui contribue aux inégalités de santé et aux besoins non satisfaits. Bien que des recherches émergentes aient décrit les expériences des personnes autistes accédant aux soins oculaires, on sait peu de choses sur les perspectives des professionnels des soins oculaires. Cette étude visait à examiner les connaissances liées à l’autisme, l’auto-efficacité et les attitudes parmi un échantillon de professionnels des soins oculaires, et à explorer leurs expériences cliniques, les difficultés perçues et les besoins de soutien lors de la prestation de soins à des patients autistes. Méthodes Une conception à méthodes mixtes a été utilisée, combinant des données quantitatives d’enquête et une analyse qualitative de contenu. Au total, 198 professionnels des soins oculaires (optométristes, n = 107 ; ophtalmologistes, n = 52), principalement originaires d’Australie (n = 84), des États-Unis (n = 79) et du Royaume-Uni (n = 20), ont répondu à une enquête en ligne. Des analyses de régression ont examiné si le rôle professionnel, le pays, l’âge, l’expérience, le lien personnel avec l’autisme et la fréquence des contacts prédisaient les connaissances sur l’autisme, l’auto-efficacité et les attitudes à l’égard du handicap. Des corrélations ont exploré les relations entre ces trois variables. Les réponses ouvertes ont été analysées à l’aide d’une analyse de contenu conventionnelle. Résultats Les participants ont rapporté des niveaux modérément élevés d’auto-efficacité, de connaissances sur l’autisme et d’attitudes positives à l’égard du handicap, mais seuls 14 % estimaient avoir reçu une formation formelle spécifique à l’autisme. Le contact clinique fréquent avec des personnes autistes était le prédicteur le plus fort d’une auto-efficacité plus élevée (p < 0.001). L’analyse qualitative a identifié des difficultés courantes (par exemple, sensibilités sensorielles, contraintes de temps et obstacles à la communication) et des stratégies pratiques (par exemple, tests flexibles, aménagements sensoriels et communication claire). Les participants ont exprimé un fort désir de formation supplémentaire et de soutiens au niveau du système afin de fournir des soins plus accessibles et centrés sur la personne. Conclusions Les professionnels des soins oculaires de cet échantillon semblaient motivés à soutenir les patients autistes, mais percevaient souvent un manque de formation structurée et ont identifié des contraintes systémiques qui limitaient leur capacité à fournir des services accessibles. Des ressources pratiques éclairées par l’autisme, élaborées en collaboration avec des personnes autistes, parallèlement à des changements dans les politiques cliniques et le flux de travail, pourraient aider à relever ces défis.

Abstract Purpose Autistic people face significant barriers when accessing healthcare, which contribute to health disparities and unmet needs. While emerging research has described the experiences of autistic individuals accessing eye care, little is known about the perspectives of eye care professionals. This study aimed to examine autism‐related knowledge, self‐efficacy and attitudes among a sample of eye care professionals, and to explore their clinical experiences, perceived challenges and support needs when providing care to autistic patients. Methods A mixed‐methods design was used, combining quantitative survey data and qualitative content analysis. A total of 198 eye care professionals (optometrists, n = 107; ophthalmologists, n = 52) predominantly from Australia ( n = 84), the USA ( n = 79) and the United Kingdom ( n = 20) completed an online survey. Regression analyses examined whether professional role, country, age, experience, personal connection to autism and frequency of contact predicted autism knowledge, self‐efficacy and disability attitudes. Correlations explored relationships among these three variables. Open‐ended responses were analysed using conventional content analysis. Results Participants reported moderately high levels of self‐efficacy, autism knowledge and positive disability attitudes, yet only 14% perceived they had received formal autism‐specific training. Frequent clinical contact with autistic individuals was the strongest predictor of higher self‐efficacy ( p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis identified common challenges (e.g., sensory sensitivities, time constraints and communication barriers) and practical strategies (e.g., flexible testing, sensory accommodations and clear communication). Participants expressed a strong desire for further training and system‐level supports to provide more accessible, person‐centred care. Conclusions Eye care professionals in this sample appeared motivated to support autistic patients, but often perceived a lack of structured training and identified systemic constraints that limited their capacity to provide accessible services. Practical, autism‐informed resources, developed in collaboration with autistic people, alongside changes in clinical policy and workflow, may help address these challenges.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
53
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
10 / 53 (18,9 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
21 / 308 (6,8 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 21 / 119 (17,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 15 / 281 (5,3 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
119 / 308 (38,6 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 97 / 281 (34,5 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
98 / 119 (82,4 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 98 / 308 (31,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 82 / 97 (84,5 %).
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