Examen d’un modèle de parcours intégré des prédicteurs psychologiques et socioculturels du camouflage chez les adultes autistes

Titre original en anglais : Examining an integrated path model of psychological and sociocultural predictors of camouflaging in autistic adults

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Zhuang, S., Bougoure, M., Leong, D. j., Dean, L., Reddrop, S., Naragon-Gainey, K., Maybery, M., Tan, D. W., & Magiati, I. (2024). Examining an integrated path model of psychological and sociocultural predictors of camouflaging in autistic adults. Autism, 29(9), 2328-2343. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241262110

Date de publication: 27/07/2024 Ajout dans AutiHub: 22/08/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
9
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 9 (11,1 %)
  1. Sici Zhuang
  2. Mackenzie Bougoure
  3. Dawn-joy Leong *
  4. Lydia Dean
  5. Susan Reddrop
  1. Kristin Naragon-Gainey
  2. Murray Maybery
  3. Diana Weiting Tan
  4. Iliana Magiati

Résumé

Le camouflage implique diverses stratégies employées par les personnes autistes pour moduler la visibilité de leurs caractéristiques autistiques dans les situations sociales et serait principalement motivé par des facteurs psychosociaux. La plupart des études menées à ce jour ont examiné un nombre limité de facteurs psychosociaux liés au camouflage. Cette étude a testé un modèle intégré englobant plusieurs prédicteurs individuels psychologiques hypothétisés (c’est-à-dire la peur de l’évaluation négative, l’estime de soi, l’identité autistique) et des prédicteurs socioculturels plus larges (c’est-à-dire la stigmatisation perçue, les événements de vulnérabilité, le resserrement-relâchement culturel, la conception de soi indépendante et interdépendante). Les participants étaient 225 adultes autistes (18–77 ans ; 60,9 % de femmes), qui ont rempli des mesures d’autoévaluation en ligne. L’analyse des parcours a partiellement soutenu le modèle, expliquant environ 25 % de la variance du camouflage. Plusieurs facteurs socioculturels – la stigmatisation perçue, le resserrement culturel et la conception de soi indépendante et interdépendante – étaient indirectement associés au camouflage par l’intermédiaire de facteurs psychologiques individuels. Il est à noter qu’une plus grande vulnérabilité aux événements négatifs de la vie était le seul facteur socioculturel contribuant directement à davantage de camouflage, sans médiation par des facteurs psychologiques individuels. La peur de l’évaluation négative est apparue comme un puissant prédicteur, médiatisant la plupart des relations entre les facteurs socioculturels plus larges et le camouflage. Nos résultats mettent en évidence des facteurs psychosociaux clés comme cibles cruciales du changement social, préconisant un passage de la stigmatisation à l’acceptation et à l’inclusion afin d’alléger la pression exercée sur les personnes autistes pour qu’elles se camouflent. Résumé grand public De nombreuses personnes autistes utilisent des stratégies appelées « camouflage » pour modifier à quel point leurs traits autistiques sont perceptibles dans les situations sociales. Des recherches antérieures suggèrent que le camouflage est largement motivé par des facteurs psychologiques et sociaux. Toutefois, la plupart des études jusqu’à présent n’ont examiné que quelques facteurs psychosociaux liés au camouflage. Dans cette étude, nous avons exploré un modèle incluant plusieurs facteurs psychologiques individuels (tels que la peur d’être jugé négativement, l’estime de soi et l’identité autistique) et des facteurs sociaux et culturels plus larges (tels que la stigmatisation perçue, les événements négatifs de la vie, l’accent culturel mis sur la conformité et le désir de s’intégrer ou de se démarquer). Nous avons interrogé en ligne 225 adultes autistes âgés de 18 à 77 ans. Nos résultats ont montré que plusieurs facteurs socioculturels étaient indirectement liés au camouflage par l’intermédiaire de facteurs psychologiques individuels. La peur d’être jugé négativement est apparue comme un puissant prédicteur du camouflage. Plus précisément, les adultes autistes qui percevaient une plus grande stigmatisation, ressentaient une plus grande pression à se conformer, avaient un moindre désir de se démarquer et un plus grand désir de s’intégrer tendaient à éprouver une plus grande peur d’être jugés négativement et rapportaient davantage de camouflage. En outre, les personnes ayant vécu davantage d’événements négatifs de la vie étaient plus susceptibles de recourir au camouflage. Notre étude identifie des facteurs psychologiques et sociaux clés comme cibles potentielles du changement social. Nos résultats soulignent que nos sociétés doivent s’éloigner des attitudes stigmatisantes pour aller vers l’acceptation et l’inclusion des personnes autistes, ce qui pourrait réduire la pression exercée sur les personnes autistes pour qu’elles se camouflent dans les situations sociales.

Camouflaging involves various strategies employed by autistic individuals to modulate the visibility of their autistic characteristics in social situations and is thought to be primarily motivated by psychosocial factors. Most studies to date have examined a limited number of psychosocial factors related to camouflaging. This study tested an integrated model encompassing several hypothesised individual psychological (i.e. fear of negative evaluation, self-esteem, autistic identity) and broader sociocultural predictors (i.e. perceived stigma, vulnerability events, cultural tightness-looseness, independent and interdependent self-construal). Participants were 225 autistic adults (18–77 years; 60.9% female), who completed self-report measures online. Path analysis partially supported the model, explaining about 25% of the variance in camouflaging. Several sociocultural factors – perceived stigma, cultural tightness and independent and interdependent self-construal – were indirectly associated with camouflaging through individual psychological factors. Notably, greater vulnerability to negative life events was the only sociocultural factor directly contributing to more camouflaging, without mediation by individual psychological factors. Fear of negative evaluation emerged as a strong predictor, mediating most relationships between broader sociocultural factors and camouflaging. Our findings highlight key psychosocial factors as crucial targets for social change, advocating a shift from stigmatisation to acceptance and inclusion to alleviate the pressure on autistic people to camouflage. Lay abstract Many autistic people use strategies known as ‘camouflaging’ to change how noticeable their autistic traits are in social situations. Previous research suggests that camouflaging is largely motivated by psychological and social factors. However, most studies so far have only looked at a few psychosocial factors related to camouflaging. In this study, we explored a model that included several individual psychological factors (such as fear of being negatively judged, self-esteem and autistic identity) and broader social and cultural factors (such as perceived stigma, negative life events, cultural emphasis on conformity and desire to fit in or stand out). We surveyed 225 autistic adults aged 18–77 years online. Our findings showed that several sociocultural factors were indirectly linked to camouflaging through individual psychological factors. Fear of being negatively judged emerged as a strong predictor of camouflaging. Specifically, autistic adults who perceived greater stigma, felt greater pressure to conform, had a lesser desire to stand out and a greater desire to fit in tended to experience a greater fear of being negatively judged and reported more camouflaging. In addition, those who experienced more negative life events were more likely to engage in camouflaging. Our study identifies key psychological and social factors as potential targets for social change. Our findings emphasise that our societies need to shift away from stigmatising attitudes towards accepting and including autistic people, which could reduce the pressure on autistic individuals to camouflage in social situations.

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 22/08/2026 23:48.

Références citées
95
Avec un DOI
87
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
5
9 / 95 (9,5 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
4 / 95 (4,2 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
91 / 95 (95,8 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
4
Sans titre structuré
4
Sans identifiant stable
5
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
4
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
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Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
505
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
505
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
4
140 / 505 (27,7 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 365 / 505 (72,3 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
11 / 505 (2,2 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 11 / 140 (7,9 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 6 / 423 (1,4 %).
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