Représentation de l’autisme dans les médias de fiction : revue systématique du contenu médiatique et de son impact sur les connaissances et la compréhension de l’autisme par les spectateurs

Titre original en anglais : Representation of autism in fictional media: A systematic review of media content and its impact on viewer knowledge and understanding of autism

Sources de métadonnées utilisées pour cette référence

OpenAlex Crossref OpenCitations
En savoir plus sur les sources utilisées

Thom-Jones, S., Gordon, C. S., & Mizzi, S. (2023). Representation of autism in fictional media: A systematic review of media content and its impact on viewer knowledge and understanding of autism. Autism, 27(8), 2205-2217. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231155770

Date de publication: 19/02/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source OpenAlex Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Sandra Thom-Jones *
  2. Chloe S. Gordon
  3. Simone Mizzi

Résumé

Les représentations médiatiques de l’autisme peuvent avoir des effets positifs ou préjudiciables sur la vie des personnes autistes. Cette revue systématique visait à examiner (1) l’exactitude et l’authenticité des représentations de l’autisme dans les médias de fiction (Partie A) et (2) l’impact du visionnage de telles représentations sur les connaissances relatives à l’autisme et les attitudes envers les personnes autistes (Partie B). Dix-sept articles satisfaisaient aux critères d’inclusion et ont été inclus dans la revue : 14 pour la Partie A et 3 pour la Partie B, comprenant cinq études expérimentales. Les médias examinés dans la Partie A couvraient une période de 30 ans (1988–2017). Plusieurs représentations stéréotypées et peu utiles ont été relevées. Les représentations positives de l’autisme mettaient en évidence les forces et reflétaient des nuances. Globalement, les participants placés dans les conditions de fiction de la Partie B étaient significativement plus susceptibles d’attribuer des traits positifs à une personne autiste que ceux placés dans les conditions témoins, avec des tailles d’effet moyennes allant de 0.57 à 0.73. Aucune amélioration des connaissances n’a été observée. Compte tenu du petit nombre d’études incluses dans cette revue, des données supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour comprendre les conditions dans lesquelles les médias de fiction peuvent être efficaces. Il est également nécessaire de développer des mesures qui évaluent avec exactitude et respect les expériences des personnes autistes concernant les connaissances et les attitudes de la communauté. Résumé grand public La manière dont l’autisme est représenté dans les médias de fiction peut avoir un impact sur la perception des personnes autistes. Par exemple, les représentations peuvent contribuer à des perceptions négatives des personnes autistes comme étant inhabituelles ou dangereuses, ou elles peuvent remettre en question les stéréotypes et mettre plutôt en évidence les forces des personnes autistes. Ce travail visait à examiner les recherches antérieures afin de comprendre comment les personnes autistes ont été représentées dans les médias de fiction (Partie A). Il cherchait également à comprendre si le visionnage de représentations fictives de l’autisme a un impact sur les connaissances des personnes concernant l’autisme et leurs attitudes envers les personnes autistes (Partie B). Parmi les 14 études incluses dans la Partie A, plusieurs représentations peu utiles et stéréotypées de l’autisme sont apparues. Les représentations positives étaient celles qui mettaient en évidence les forces des personnes autistes et reflétaient des nuances. Une plus grande diversité dans la représentation de l’autisme dans les médias de fiction est nécessaire. Par exemple, toutes les personnes autistes ne sont pas des hommes blancs hétérosexuels. Dans les cinq études incluses dans la Partie B, aucune amélioration des connaissances des personnes concernant l’autisme n’a été observée après avoir regardé ou lu un court extrait d’une série télévisée ou d’un roman de fiction représentant une personne autiste. Bien qu’une amélioration significative des attitudes des personnes envers les personnes autistes ait été observée, ces résultats ne fournissent pas un tableau complet compte tenu de la courte durée d’exposition aux médias et du petit nombre d’études. Les études futures devraient examiner comment des expositions multiples à la représentation des personnes autistes dans des sources à la fois fictives et non fictives peuvent affecter la compréhension de l’autisme par les personnes. Il est également nécessaire de développer des moyens plus exacts et respectueux de mesurer les connaissances des personnes sur l’autisme et leurs attitudes envers celui-ci.

Media depictions of autism have the potential to have either positive or detrimental impacts on the lives of autistic people. This systematic review aimed to examine (1) the accuracy and authenticity of fictional media portrayals of autism (Part A) and (2) the impact of viewing such portrayals on knowledge about autism and attitudes towards autistic people (Part B). Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review: 14 for Part A and 3 for Part B, comprising five experimental studies. The media reviewed in Part A covered a 30-year period (1988–2017). Several stereotypical and unhelpful portrayals surfaced. Positive portrayals of autism highlighted strengths and reflected nuance. Overall, participants in the fiction conditions in Part B were significantly more likely to attribute positive traits to an autistic person than those in the control conditions, with medium effect sizes ranging from 0.57 to 0.73. There were no improvements in knowledge. Given the small number of studies included in this review, further evidence is needed to understand the conditions under which fictional media may be effective. There is also a need to develop measures that accurately and respectfully measure autistic people’s experiences of community knowledge and attitudes. Lay abstract The way autism is represented in fictional media can impact people’s views of autistic people. For example, representations may contribute to negative views of autistic people as being unusual or dangerous, or they may challenge stereotypes and instead highlight the strengths of autistic people. This work aimed to review previous research to understand how autistic people have been represented in fictional media (Part A). It also sought to understand whether viewing fictional portrayals of autism has an impact on people’s knowledge of autism and attitudes towards autistic people (Part B). Of 14 studies that were included in Part A, several unhelpful and stereotypical portrayals of autism emerged. Positive portrayals were those that highlighted the strengths of autistic people and reflected nuance. There is a need for greater diversity in representation of autism in fictional media. For example, not all autistic people are white heterosexual males. Across the five studies included in Part B, there were no improvements in people’s knowledge of autism after watching or reading a short segment from a fictional TV series or novel that depicts an autistic person. Although there was a significant improvement in people’s attitudes towards autistic people, these findings do not provide a complete picture given the short length of the media exposure and small number of studies. Future studies should investigate how multiple exposures to the representation of autistic people in both fictional and non-fictional sources can affect people’s understanding of autism. There is also a need to develop more accurate and respectful ways of measuring people’s knowledge of, and attitudes towards, autism.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
55
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
6 / 55 (10,9 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
6 / 139 (4,3 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 6 / 35 (17,1 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 2 / 124 (1,6 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
35 / 139 (25,2 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 23 / 124 (18,5 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
29 / 35 (82,9 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 29 / 139 (20,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 21 / 23 (91,3 %).
1 entrée de bibliographie citée n’a pas pu être entièrement enrichie à partir des métadonnées DOI.
Crossref: introuvable (1)
  2. N AKRAMI , B EKEHAMMAR , M CLAESSON , K SONNANDER (2006). Classical and modern prejudice: Attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27(6), 605-617. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2134243828
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Devon White , Ashleigh Hillier , Alice Frye , Emily Makrez (2019). College Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Students on the Autism Spectrum . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(7), 2699-2705. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2818-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2402547458
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Mark T. Palermo , Stefan Bogaerts (2015). The Dangers of Posthumous Diagnoses and the Unintended Consequences of Facile Associations . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(14), 1564-1579. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0306624x14550642 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1976278334
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. Anastasia H. Anderson , Mark Carter , Jennifer Stephenson (2018). Perspectives of University Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(3), 651-665. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3257-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2741060690
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  6. Aspa Baroutsis , Carolin Eckert , Siobhan Newman , Dawn Adams (2023). How is autism portrayed in news media? A content analysis of Australian newspapers articles from 2016–2018 . Disability & Society, 38(6), 963-986. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2021.1971067 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3204368536
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Andrea MacLeod , Sue Green (2009). Beyond the books: case study of a collaborative and holistic support model for university students with Asperger syndrome . Studies in Higher Education, 34(6), 631-646. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/03075070802590643 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1976683959
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Victoria M. Esses , John F. Dovidio (2002). The Role of Emotions in Determining Willingness to Engage in Intergroup Contact . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(9), 1202-1214. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/01461672022812006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1978621886
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Brenda L. Barrio , Yun-Ju Hsiao , Jane E. Kelley , Teresa A. Cardon (2021). Representation Matters: Integrating Books With Characters With Autism in the Classroom . Intervention in School and Clinic, 56(3), 172-176. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1053451220928954 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3033167833
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  10. Valérie Van Hees , Tinneke Moyson , Herbert Roeyers (2015). Higher Education Experiences of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Benefits and Support Needs . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1673-1688. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2324-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2031696817
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Rebecca Black , Jonathan Alexander , Vicky Chen , Jonathan Duarte (2019). Representations of Autism in Online Harry Potter Fanfiction . Journal of Literacy Research, 51(1), 30-51. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1086296x18820659 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2910117975
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  13. Robert M. Capraro (2004). Statistical Significance, Effect Size Reporting, and Confidence Intervals: Best Reporting Strategies . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 35(1), 57. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2307/30034803 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2089765948
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Tiago S. Jesus (2022). Rigour and transparency in the family of systematic reviews: The International Journal of Health Planning and Management encourages prospective protocol registration . The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 37(5), 2523-2527. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3510 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281772564
    OpenCitations
  15. Avery E. Holton (2013). What’s Wrong With Max? Parenthood and the Portrayal of Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Communication Inquiry, 37(1), 45-63. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0196859912472507 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2079081006
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Cardon T., Kelley J. E. (2016). Fictional narratives about individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Focus group analysis and insight. Reading Horizons, 55(3). https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/reading_horizons/vol55/iss3/1/
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  18. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. (2018). CASP Randomised Controlled Trial Standard Checklist. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  19. Stephanie L. Strachan (2014). Expanding the Range of Text Types Used in the Primary Grades . The Reading Teacher, 68(4), 303-311. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/trtr.1302 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2090430720
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  20. Michelle Dean , Anders Nordahl-Hansen (2022). A Review of Research Studying Film and Television Representations of ASD . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9(4), 470-479. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00273-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3173694476
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Kimberly Maich (2014). Autism Spectrum Disorders in Popular Media: Storied Reflections of Societal Views . Brock Education Journal, 23(2). Brock University Library.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.26522/brocked.v23i2.311 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2158172814
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Deloitte. (2021). Media Consumer Survey 2021: Australian digital entertainment audience preferences (10th ed.). https://www2.deloitte.com/au/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/media-consumer-survey.html
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  23. Khadija Ejaz (2020). By any other name: portrayals of autism across international film remakes . Disability & Society, 35(5), 783-810. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2019.1647146 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2969106386
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Erika Dyck , Ginny Russell (2020). Challenging Psychiatric Classification: Healthy Autistic Diversity and the Neurodiversity Movement . Dans Mental Health in Historical Perspective (pp. 167-187). Springer International Publishing.
    Type: Chapitre de livre DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27275-3_8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2974346434
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Osamu Muramoto (2014). Retrospective diagnosis of a famous historical figure: ontological, epistemic, and ethical considerations . Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 9(1), 10. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/1747-5341-9-10 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2168397696
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Teresa Cardon , Jane E. Kelley (2016). Fictional Narratives about Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus Group Analysis and Insight . ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University), 55(3), 1-28.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2530132937
    OpenAlex
  27. Paddy C. Favazza , Michaelene M. Ostrosky , Lori E. Meyer , SeonYeong Yu , Chryso Mouzourou (2017). Limited representation of individuals with disabilities in early childhood classes: alarming or status quo? International Journal of Inclusive Education, 21(6), 650-666. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13603116.2016.1243738 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2537688344
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Ficarrotta S. (2018). Media portrayals of autism spectrum disorder: A CARS2 and frame analysis of the sesame street character Julia (Publication No. 10825446) [Master’s thesis, University of Nevada]. ProQuest One Academic. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/media-portrayals-autism-spectrum-disorder-cars2/docview/2124207031/
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  30. Rosa Fontes , Margarita Pino-Juste (2022). Portrayals of autism and social awareness: a scoping review . Advances in Autism, 8(3), 196-206. Emerald.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1108/aia-02-2021-0014 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3190353119
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Morag Gray (2017). Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Framework Approach Roller Margaret and Lavrakas Paul Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Framework Approach 398pp £36.99 Guilford Press 9781462515752 1462515754 . Nurse Researcher, 24(3), 6-6. RCN Publishing Ltd..
    Type: Article DOI: 10.7748/nr.24.3.6.s3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2576639966
    OpenAlex
  32. Sandra Thom-Jones * , Muhammad Akram , Chloe S. Gordon , Nicole Murphy , Fiona Sharkie (2021). Autism in Australia: Community Knowledge and Autistic People’s Experiences . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(10), 3677-3689. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04819-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3119802014
    AutiHub · Chercheur·euses autistes Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. Ashley J. Harrison , Laine P. Bradshaw , Nilofer C. Naqvi , Madison L. Paff , Jonathan M. Campbell (2017). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q) . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(10), 3281-3295. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3242-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2736484290
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  34. Kimberly Maich , Christina Belcher , Adam W. J. Davies , Jill Rose , Tricia van Rhijn (2022). Pathology persists and stigma stays: representations of (autistic) Stephen Greaves in the post-apocalyptic world . Disability & Society, 37(6), 955-971. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2020.1862641 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3114541252
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Anders Nordahl-Hansen , Magnus Tøndevold , Sue Fletcher‐Watson (2018). Mental health on screen: A DSM-5 dissection of portrayals of autism spectrum disorders in film and TV . Psychiatry Research, 262, 351-353. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.050 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2748306184
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Stephanie C. Stern , Jennifer L. Barnes (2019). Brief Report: Does Watching The Good Doctor Affect Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Autism? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(6), 2581-2588. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-03911-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2912961512
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Anders Nordahl-Hansen , Roald A. Øien , Sue Fletcher‐Watson (2018). Pros and Cons of Character Portrayals of Autism on TV and Film . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 635-636. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3390-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2769209901
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Caroline Treweek , Chantelle Wood , Jilly Martin , Megan Freeth (2019). Autistic people’s perspectives on stereotypes: An interpretative phenomenological analysis . Autism, 23(3), 759-769. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318778286 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2802267269
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Jessica A. Leveto (2018). Toward a sociology of autism and neurodiversity . Sociology Compass, 12(12). Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12636 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2896542086
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Jane E. Kelley , Brenda L. Barrio , Teresa A. Cardon , Christina Brando-Subis , Saeun Lee , Katharine Smith (2018). DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptomology in Award-Winning Narrative Fiction . Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 53(2), 115-127. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/215416471805300202 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2883295140
    OpenAlex
  42. Kelley J. E., Barrio B. L., Cardon T. A., Brando-Subis C., Lee S., Smith K. (2018). DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder symptomology in award-winning narrative fiction. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 53(2), 115–127. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26495264
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  43. Phillip S. Poe , Maxwell C. Moseley (2016). She's a Little Different": Autism-Spectrum Disorders in Primetime TV Dramas . Etc, 73(4), 291.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2921291297
    OpenAlex
  44. Kelley J. E., Cardon T. A., Algeo-Nichols D. (2015). DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder symptomology in fictional picture books. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 53(2), 115–127. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2042209645
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  45. Margaret R. Roller (2019). A Quality Approach to Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities and Differences Compared to Other Qualitative Methods . Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences), 20(3). Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.17169/fqs-20.3.3385 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2980688874 Crossref: introuvable
    OpenAlex
  46. Margaret R. Roller , Paul J. Lavrakas (2015). Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach .
    Type: Livre OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3014681450
    Crossref OpenAlex
  47. Walter G. Stephan , Cookie White Stephan (1985). Intergroup Anxiety . Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), 157-175. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1985.tb01134.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4233666081
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Matthew J Page , David Moher , Patrick M Bossuyt , Isabelle Boutron , Tammy C Hoffmann , Cynthia D Mulrow et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews . BMJ, 372, n71. BMJ.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3118615836
    Crossref OpenAlex
  49. O’Neal S. J. (2013). ‘It reveals who I really am’: New metaphors, symbols, and motifs in representations of autism spectrum disorders in popular culture (Publication No. 3563218) [Doctoral dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University]. ProQuest One Academic. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1399591197
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  50. Stephanie C. Stern (2024). Using Popular Media to Change Attitudes and Bolster Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(11), 3975-3991. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06120-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3134854799
    OpenAlex
  51. Poe P. S., Moseley M. C. (2016). ‘She’s a little different’: Autism-spectrum disorders in primetime TV dramas. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 73(4), 291–313. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2290097074
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  52. Roller M. R. (2019). A quality approach to qualitative content analysis: Similarities and differences compared to other qualitative methods. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 20(3), 3385. https://doi.org/10 . 17169/fqs-20. 3. 3385
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  53. Stern S. (2020). Using popular media to change attitudes and bolster knowledge about autism spectrum disorder [Doctoral dissertation, University of Oklahoma]. SHAREOK. https://shareok.org/handle/11244/324160
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  54. Wolff S. M. (2018). ‘Because he is different’: Shifts in discourse and the increasing presence of autism in fictional television (Publication No. 10935244) [Master’s thesis, The University of Wisconsin]. ProQuest One Academic. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2197655500
    Type: Autre
    Crossref
  55. Zhong Y. (2020). Explaining the effects of vicarious contact in an entertainment television program about autism [Master’s thesis, University of Oklahoma]. SHAREOK. https://shareok.org/handle/11244/324361
    Type: Autre
    Crossref