La divulgation d'un trouble du spectre de l'autisme à l'école est-elle associée à une réduction de la stigmatisation ?

Titre original en anglais : Is disclosing an autism spectrum disorder in school associated with reduced stigmatization?

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White, R., Barreto, M., Harrington, J., Kapp, S. K., Hayes, J., & Russell, G. (2019). Is disclosing an autism spectrum disorder in school associated with reduced stigmatization? Autism, 24(3), 744-754. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319887625

Date de publication: 27/11/2019 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 6 (16,7 %)
  1. Rhianna White
  2. Manuela Barreto
  3. Jean Harrington
  1. Steven K. Kapp *
  2. Jennie Hayes
  3. Ginny Russell

Résumé

Les données suggèrent que la divulgation d'un diagnostic d'autisme est associée à une réduction de la stigmatisation chez les adultes autistes. Cependant, on ne sait pas si cela est également vrai pour les adolescents autistes. Nous avons utilisé un protocole fondé sur une vignette et un questionnaire afin d'étudier les attitudes stigmatisantes chez des adolescents (âgés de 11 à 12 ans et de 14 à 16 ans, N total = 250) dans une école britannique. Nous avons étudié l'effet de la divulgation du fait qu'un adolescent fictif avait un diagnostic d'autisme sur les attitudes stigmatisantes des pairs, en testant l'effet de la divulgation du diagnostic sur la distance sociale et émotionnelle que les élèves souhaitaient maintenir avec l'adolescent autiste. Nous avons également testé l'effet de la divulgation sur l'évaluation par les pairs de la responsabilité de l'adolescent quant à son propre comportement. Nous avons vérifié si les effets étaient modérés par le genre et le groupe d'âge. La divulgation de l'autisme n'a pas influé sur la distance sociale et émotionnelle que les pairs souhaitaient maintenir avec l'adolescent autiste, mais elle a été associée à une réduction significative de la responsabilité personnelle attribuée au comportement de l'adolescent. Les garçons attribuaient davantage de responsabilité personnelle à l'adolescent autiste que les filles, mais cet effet du genre était réduit lorsque l'autisme était divulgué. Ces résultats suggèrent que la divulgation de l'autisme aux autres élèves pourrait avoir une utilité limitée pour réduire la stigmatisation par les pairs dans les écoles britanniques.

Evidence suggests disclosing an autism diagnosis is associated with reduced stigmatization for autistic adults. However, it is unknown whether this is true for autistic adolescents. We used a vignette-and-questionnaire design to study stigmatizing attitudes with adolescents (aged 11–12 and 14–16 years, total N = 250) in a UK school. We investigated the effect of disclosing that a fictional adolescent had an autism diagnosis on stigmatizing attitudes of peers by testing the effect of disclosure of diagnosis on the social and emotional distance pupils wanted to maintain from the autistic adolescent. We also tested the effect of disclosure on peers’ assessment of the adolescent’s responsibility for their own behaviour. We checked to see if the effects were moderated by gender and age-group. Disclosing autism did not affect the social and emotional distance peers wanted to maintain from the autistic adolescent, but was associated with significant reduction in personal responsibility attributed to the adolescent’s behaviour. Boys attributed more personal responsibility to the autistic adolescent than girls, but this gender effect was reduced when autism was disclosed. These findings suggest that disclosing autism to other pupils may be of limited use in reducing stigmatization by peers in UK schools.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
64
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
5 / 64 (7,8 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
5 / 163 (3,1 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 5 / 37 (13,5 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 3 / 144 (2,1 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
37 / 163 (22,7 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 22 / 144 (15,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
32 / 37 (86,5 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 32 / 163 (19,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 19 / 22 (86,4 %).
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