Remise en question des modèles de déficit empathique de l’autisme à travers les réponses à la littérature sérieuse

Titre original en anglais : Challenging Empathic Deficit Models of Autism Through Responses to Serious Literature

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». deux auteur·ices de cette publication sont identifié·es comme autistes dans le projet.

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Chapple, M., Davis, P., Billington, J., Williams, S., & Corcoran, R. (2022). Challenging Empathic Deficit Models of Autism Through Responses to Serious Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 828603-828603. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.828603

Date de publication: 10/02/2022 Ajout dans AutiHub: 20/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 5 (40,0 %)
  1. Melissa Chapple *
  2. Philip Davis
  3. Josie Billington
  4. Sophie Williams *
  5. Rhiannon Corcoran

Résumé

Les modèles théoriques dominants de l’autisme et les recherches qui en résultent se sont longtemps centrés sur un déficit d’empathie supposé spécifique à l’autisme. Les recherches empiriques associées se sont largement appuyées sur des tests cognitifs qui manquent de validité écologique et associent la compétence empathique à des jugements fondés sur des heuristiques à partir d’instantanés limités d’informations sociales. Cette séparation artificielle de la pensée et du sentiment ne parvient pas à reproduire la complexité de l’empathie dans le monde réel et place les individus socialement hésitants dans une situation de désavantage relatif. La présente étude visait donc à explorer qualitativement comment la fiction littéraire sérieuse, grâce à sa capacité à simuler une réponse empathique dans le monde réel, pourrait permettre d’obtenir des éclairages plus écologiquement valides sur les expériences empathiques comparatives d’individus autistes et non autistes. Huit participants autistes et sept participants non autistes ont lu Of Mice and Men pendant six jours tout en remplissant un journal réflexif semi-structuré. Après avoir terminé le livre, les participants ont été invités à réaliser trois tâches d’écriture créative qui encourageaient une réflexion sur l’ensemble du roman. L’analyse thématique et littéraire des réflexions consignées dans les journaux et des tâches d’écriture a révélé trois thèmes principaux : (1) Distance par rapport au roman ; (2) Mobilité de la réponse ; (3) Re-création de la littérature. Les résultats ont démontré l’utilité de la littérature sérieuse comme outil de recherche pour comparer les expériences empathiques d’individus autistes et non autistes. Plus précisément, les individus autistes ont souvent montré des compréhensions socio-empathiques accrues de la littérature, sans déficit d’empathie par rapport aux participants non autistes.

Dominant theoretical models of autism and resultant research enquiries have long centered upon an assumed autism-specific empathy deficit. Associated empirical research has largely relied upon cognitive tests that lack ecological validity and associate empathic skill with heuristic-based judgments from limited snapshots of social information. This artificial separation of thought and feeling fails to replicate the complexity of real-world empathy, and places socially tentative individuals at a relative disadvantage. The present study aimed to qualitatively explore how serious literary fiction, through its ability to simulate real-world empathic response, could therefore enable more ecologically valid insights into the comparative empathic experiences of autistic and non-autistic individuals. Eight autistic and seven non-autistic participants read Of Mice and Men for six days while completing a semi-structured reflective diary. On finishing the book, participants were asked to engage in three creative writing tasks that encouraged reflective thinking across the novel. Thematic and literary analysis of the diary reflections and writing tasks revealed three main themes (1) Distance from the Novel; (2) Mobility of Response; (3) Re-Creating Literature. Findings demonstrated the usefulness of serious literature as a research tool for comparing the empathic experiences of autistic and non-autistic individuals. Specifically, autistic individuals often showed enhanced socio-empathic understandings of the literature with no empathy deficits when compared to non-autistic participants.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 11:55.

Références citées
90
Avec un DOI
73
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
15
14 / 90 (15,6 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
3 / 90 (3,3 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
87 / 90 (96,7 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
3
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
15
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
1
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
231
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
231
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
1
85 / 231 (36,8 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 146 / 231 (63,2 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
20 / 231 (8,7 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 20 / 85 (23,5 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 14 / 181 (7,7 %).
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