Extension du modèle de stress minoritaire de l'autisme : la stigmatisation intériorisée et la solitude comme prédicteurs du stress et de la satisfaction de vie

Titre original en anglais : Extending the Minority Stress Model of Autism: Internalized Stigma and Loneliness as Predictors of Stress and Life Satisfaction

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van Asselt, A., Roke, Y., Begeer, S., & Scheeren, A. (2026). Extending the Minority Stress Model of Autism: Internalized Stigma and Loneliness as Predictors of Stress and Life Satisfaction. Autism, 30(6), 1532-1547. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613261446876

Date de publication: 08/05/2026 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/08/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Alvin van Asselt *
  2. Yvette Roke
  3. Sander Begeer
  4. Anke Scheeren

Résumé

Le statut minoritaire des personnes autistes les rend plus vulnérables aux facteurs de stress minoritaire, tels que la stigmatisation et la victimisation, qui sont liés à un stress plus important et à une moindre satisfaction de vie. Le cadre de médiation psychologique (PMF) propose que des processus cognitifs, affectifs et psychosociaux contribuent à expliquer les relations entre ces facteurs de stress et des issues défavorables. Cette étude transversale a testé le PMF chez des adultes autistes en examinant comment deux de ses processus clés, la stigmatisation intériorisée et la solitude, sont associés au stress et à la satisfaction de vie. À partir de données d'enquête auto-déclarées de 831 participants autistes inscrits au Netherlands Autism Register (NAR), âgés de 18 à 87 ans (âge moyen = 47,5 ; ET = 12,5 ; 408 femmes, 309 hommes et 114 personnes de genres divers), des analyses de régression multiple ont montré que la stigmatisation intériorisée liée à l'autisme, la solitude émotionnelle et la solitude sociale étaient chacune positivement associées au stress et négativement associées à la satisfaction de vie. Des analyses de médiation ont indiqué que les deux types de solitude médient partiellement la relation entre la stigmatisation intériorisée liée à l'autisme et ces issues. Soutenant le PMF, les résultats suggèrent que les stigmates liés à l'autisme peuvent être intériorisés et associés à la solitude, laquelle est liée à un stress plus important et à une moindre satisfaction de vie. Les études futures devraient s'appuyer sur le PMF et explorer des stratégies visant à atténuer les facteurs de stress minoritaire sous-jacents. Résumé grand public Comprendre le stress et la satisfaction de vie chez les adultes autistes à l'aide du cadre de médiation psychologique Pourquoi cette étude a-t-elle été menée ? Les adultes autistes connaissent souvent des niveaux de stress plus élevés et une satisfaction de vie moindre que les adultes non autistes. Récemment, des recherches ont suggéré que ces expériences sont liées au fait qu'ils font partie d'un groupe minoritaire, les personnes autistes. Les minorités connaissent souvent un stress supplémentaire en raison d'expériences telles que la stigmatisation, parfois appelées facteurs de stress minoritaire. Un modèle théorique, le cadre de médiation psychologique (PMF), décrit comment les facteurs de stress minoritaire sont liés à des différences dans les pensées, les émotions et les sentiments des personnes. Cette étude a examiné si le PMF peut également aider à expliquer le stress et la satisfaction de vie des adultes autistes. Nous l'avons fait en testant si deux composantes importantes du PMF, la stigmatisation intériorisée liée à l'autisme (croyances négatives concernant le fait d'être autiste) et la solitude, étaient liées à leur stress et à leur satisfaction de vie (à quel point les personnes se sentent globalement satisfaites de leur vie). Qu'avons-nous fait ? Nous avons analysé les données de 831 adultes autistes ayant rempli une enquête. Dans nos modèles statistiques (analyses mathématiques qui testent la manière dont les variables sont liées), nous avons pris en compte d'autres facteurs plus couramment utilisés pour examiner quels facteurs étaient statistiquement associés au stress et à la satisfaction de vie chez les adultes autistes, tels que le niveau de caractéristiques liées à l'autisme et le niveau d'instruction. Ce faisant, nous avons accru la probabilité que les relations que nous avons trouvées puissent être attribuées à des facteurs de stress minoritaire. Qu'avons-nous trouvé ? Les adultes autistes qui connaissaient davantage de stigmatisation intériorisée liée à l'autisme, de solitude émotionnelle (le sentiment d'être déconnecté de relations proches) et de solitude sociale (l'absence d'un réseau social plus large) ont rapporté des niveaux de stress plus élevés et une satisfaction de vie moindre. Nous avons également constaté que les adultes autistes présentant davantage de stigmatisation intériorisée se sentaient plus seuls, et que cette solitude était liée à un stress plus élevé et à une satisfaction de vie moindre. Que signifient les résultats ? Les résultats suggèrent que les adultes autistes peuvent intérioriser les stigmates liés à l'autisme, lesquels sont liés à une plus grande solitude, à un stress plus élevé et à une satisfaction de vie moindre. Comme ces résultats concordent avec le PMF, nous pensons que les études futures devraient continuer à utiliser ce modèle. Nous recommandons également que les chercheurs étudient des moyens de réduire les facteurs de stress minoritaire et d'améliorer la santé mentale des adultes autistes.

Autistic people’s minority status makes them more vulnerable to minority stressors, such as stigmatization and victimization, which are linked to greater stress and lower life satisfaction. The Psychological Mediation Framework (PMF) proposes that cognitive, affective, and social-psychological processes help explain the relationships between these stressors and adverse outcomes. This cross-sectional study tested the PMF in autistic adults by examining how two of its key processes, internalized stigma and loneliness, are associated with stress and life satisfaction. Using self-report survey data from 831 autistic participants enrolled in the Netherlands Autism Register (NAR), aged 18–87 years (M age = 47.5; SD = 12.5; 408 women, 309 men, and 114 gender-diverse individuals), multiple regression analyses showed that internalized autism-related stigma, emotional loneliness, and social loneliness were each positively associated with stress and negatively associated with life satisfaction. Mediation analyses indicated that both types of loneliness partially mediated the relationship between internalized autism-related stigma and these outcomes. Supporting the PMF, the findings suggest that autism-related stigmas may become internalized and be associated with loneliness, which is linked to greater stress and lower life satisfaction. Future studies should build upon the PMF and explore strategies to mitigate underlying minority stressors. Lay Abstract Understanding stress and life satisfaction in autistic adults with the psychological mediation framework Why was this study done? Autistic adults often experience higher levels of stress and lower life satisfaction than non-autistic adults. Recently, research has suggested that these experiences are linked to them being part of a minority group—autistic people. Minorities often experience extra stress from experiences like stigma, sometimes called minority stressors. A theoretical model, the Psychological Mediation Framework (PMF), describes how minority stressors are linked to differences in people’s thoughts, emotions, and feelings. This study examined whether the PMF can also help explain the stress and life satisfaction of autistic adults. We did this by testing whether two important parts of the PMF, internalized autism-related stigma (negative beliefs about being autistic) and loneliness, were linked to their stress and life satisfaction (how content people feel with their lives overall). What did we do? We analyzed data from 831 autistic adults who filled out a survey. In our statistical models (mathematical analyses that test how variables are related), we took into account other factors that are more commonly used to examine which factors were statistically associated with stress and life satisfaction in autistic adults, such as the level of characteristics related to autism and education level. By doing this, we increased the chance that any relationships we found could be attributed to minority stressors. What did we find? Autistic adults who experienced more internalized autism-related stigma, emotional loneliness (feeling disconnected from close relationships), and social loneliness (lacking a broader social network) reported higher stress levels and lower life satisfaction. We also found that autistic adults with more internalized stigma felt lonelier, and this loneliness was linked to higher stress and lower life satisfaction. What do the findings mean? The results suggest that autistic adults may internalize autism-related stigmas, which are linked to greater loneliness, higher stress, and lower life satisfaction. As these findings align with the PMF, we believe future studies should continue using this model. Also, we recommend that researchers should study ways to reduce minority stressors and improve the mental health of autistic adults.

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
113
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
13 / 113 (11,5 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
17 / 500 (3,4 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 17 / 135 (12,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 15 / 468 (3,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
135 / 500 (27,0 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 109 / 468 (23,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
118 / 135 (87,4 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 118 / 500 (23,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 94 / 109 (86,2 %).
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