Le desequilibre empathique comme predicteur de l'automutilation non suicidaire chez les personnes autistes et non autistes

Titre original en anglais : Empathic Disequilibrium as a Predictor of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Autistic and Nonautistic People

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Moseley, R., Shalev, I., Gregory, N., & Uzefovsky, F. (2024). Empathic Disequilibrium as a Predictor of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Autistic and Nonautistic People. Autism in Adulthood, 7(6), 724-738. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2023.0134

Date de publication: 18/06/2024 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Rachel Moseley *
  2. Ido Shalev
  3. Nicola Gregory
  4. Florina Uzefovsky

Résumé

Contexte : L'automutilation non suicidaire (NSSI) touche de nombreuses personnes autistes et a été associée à la suicidalité dans ce groupe. Elle a été étroitement liée à des difficultés de régulation intrapersonnelle des émotions, mais le rôle des processus de régulation interpersonnelle des émotions dans la NSSI a été peu étudié. Le déséquilibre empathique est un état de déséquilibre entre l'empathie cognitive (CE) et l'empathie émotionnelle (EE) d'une personne. Nous avons récemment constaté que les personnes autistes présentent une EE accrue par rapport à la CE, ce qui concorde avec leurs témoignages directs d'hypersensibilité aux émotions des autres. Comme ce type de déséquilibre empathique est associé à une hyperactivation et à une réactivité émotionnelle, nous avons émis l'hypothèse qu'il pourrait augmenter le risque de NSSI, qui survient souvent comme moyen de tenter de réguler des émotions accablantes ou éprouvantes. Méthodes : Nous avons mesuré la CE, l'EE, la réactivité émotionnelle et les comportements de NSSI chez 304 participants autistes et 289 participants non autistes, et avons utilisé une régression polynomiale avec analyse de surface de réponse pour examiner le déséquilibre empathique en tant que prédicteur de la réactivité émotionnelle et de l'engagement dans la NSSI. Résultats : Confirmant des recherches antérieures, les personnes ayant un diagnostic d'autisme étaient plus susceptibles de présenter un profil de prédominance de l'EE (OR = 4.51 [2.66, 7.63], p < 0.001), bien qu'elles ne diffèrent pas significativement quant aux niveaux globaux d'empathie. Bien que le déséquilibre empathique ait été associé à la NSSI chez les personnes autistes et non autistes, la nature de ces voies différait entre les groupes. Chez les personnes autistes, un déséquilibre empathique vers une prédominance de l'EE était associé à une incidence plus élevée de NSSI par l'intermédiaire de la réactivité émotionnelle. En revanche, chez les personnes non autistes, l'incidence de la NSSI était associée à l'empathie globale et, après prise en compte de la réactivité émotionnelle, à un déséquilibre empathique vers une prédominance de la CE. Conclusions : Bien que les études futures devraient examiner la directionnalité des relations à l'aide de plans longitudinaux, ces résultats mettent en évidence des mécanismes différents de la NSSI chez les personnes autistes et non autistes. Ils corroborent les preuves croissantes selon lesquelles le déséquilibre relatif entre les capacités empathiques peut être pertinent pour des résultats importants, tels que la psychopathologie.

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) affects many autistic individuals, and has been linked to suicidality in this group. It has been closely linked to difficulties with intrapersonal emotion regulation, but a role of interpersonal emotion regulation processes in NSSI has been underexplored. Empathic disequilibrium is a state of imbalance between a person’s cognitive empathy (CE) and emotional empathy (EE). We recently found that autistic people exhibit heightened EE relative to CE, consistent with their firsthand reports of hypersensitivity to the emotions of others. Because this kind of empathic imbalance is associated with hyperarousal and emotional reactivity, we hypothesized that it might increase the risk of NSSI, which often occurs as a means of trying to regulate overwhelming or distressing emotions. Methods: We measured CE, EE, emotional reactivity, and NSSI behaviors in 304 autistic and 289 nonautistic participants, and used polynomial regression with response surface analysis to examine empathic disequilibrium as a predictor of emotional reactivity and engagement in NSSI. Results: Replicating previous research, individuals with an autism diagnosis were more likely to show a pattern of EE-dominance (OR = 4.51 [2.66, 7.63], p < 0.001), although they did not differ significantly in overall empathy levels. While empathic disequilibrium was associated with NSSI in autistic and nonautistic people, the nature of these pathways differed between groups. In autistic people, empathic disequilibrium toward EE-dominance was associated with a higher incidence of NSSI through emotional reactivity. In contrast, for nonautistic individuals, the incidence of NSSI was associated with overall empathy and, when accounting for emotional reactivity, with empathic disequilibrium toward CE dominance. Conclusions: While future studies should investigate the direction of relationships with longitudinal designs, these findings highlight different mechanisms for NSSI in autistic and nonautistic people. They corroborate growing evidence that the relative imbalance between empathic abilities may be relevant for meaningful outcomes, such as psychopathology.

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
89
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
7 / 89 (7,9 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
8 / 376 (2,1 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 8 / 81 (9,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 4 / 332 (1,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
81 / 376 (21,5 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 52 / 332 (15,7 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
73 / 81 (90,1 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 73 / 376 (19,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 48 / 52 (92,3 %).
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